The state of anesthesia in South Korea: a national survey of the status of anesthetic service activity in 2014-2016.

Background: Because the quality of anesthesia affects the surgical outcome, the aim of this study was to investigate the current status of anesthetic services performed by anesthesiologists and non-anesthesiologists in South Korea from 2014 to 2016 and to compare the results with data from 2011 to 2013.

Methods: The claimed anesthesia services at medical institutions with employed anesthesiologists and the claims for an invitation fee for an anesthesiologist at medical institutions without employed anesthesiologists were regarded as anesthetic services performed by an anesthesiologist. From 2014 to 2016, the employment of anesthesiologists according to the type of medical institution, the status of anesthetic services according to the presence or absence of employed anesthesiologists, and status of anesthetic services at medical institutions without employed anesthesiologists were analyzed.

Investigating preoperative myoglobin level as predictive factor for acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Early identification of patients at risk of AKI after cardiac surgery is of critical importance for optimizing perioperative management and improving outcomes. This study aimed to identify the association between preoperative myoglobin levels and postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing valve surgery or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods: This retrospective study included 293 patients aged over 17 years who underwent valve surgery or CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on preoperative anxiety and blood pressure during anesthetic induction in patients with essential hypertension.

Objective: Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a non-invasive treatment that improves symptoms such as anxiety and pain. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of CES pretreatment on levels of preoperative anxiety, pain, and hemodynamic responses-especially changes in blood pressure-during anesthetic induction in patients with essential hypertension.

Methods: Eighty patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either no pretreatment (control group, n = 40) or CES pretreatment (CES group, n = 40).

Evaluation of the Toxicity of Sugammadex in Zebrafish Larvae.

Background: Sugammadex is a new neuromuscular blockade reversal agent. Recently, it has been used in patients under general anesthesia. However, sugammadex could be toxic to fetuses and pediatric patients under 3 years of age.

Sugammadex affects emergence agitation in children undergoing strabismus surgery.

Objective Emergence agitation (EA) has a multifactorial origin, and the effect of sugammadex on EA has not been established. We investigated the effect of sugammadex on EA incidence and severity. Methods We performed a retrospective study of children aged 1 to 13 years who underwent strabismus surgery.

Correlation between regional tissue perfusion saturation and lactate level during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause systemic hypoperfusion, which remains undetected by routine monitoring of physiological parameters. Noninvasive tissue perfusion monitoring offers a clinical benefit by detecting low systemic perfusion. In this study, we tried to evaluate whether regional tissue perfusion saturation reflects systemic hypoperfusion during CPB.

The protective effect of hydromorphone to ischemia in rat glial cells.

Background: Ischemic insults during operation can cause ischemic-reperfusion injuries in brain as well as memory impairments. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is the preferred anesthetic method in brain surgery, as it utilizes motor evoked potential monitoring. And the use of opioids is common in TIVA.

Corrigendum: Occurrence bilateral bronchospasm consequently after unilateral bronchospasm (Korean J Anesthesiol 2013 December 65(6 Suppl): S28-S29).

[This corrects the article on p. S28 in vol. 65, PMID: 24478860.

Dexmedetomidine preconditioning attenuates Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in zebrafish.

Objectives: Utilisation of high-frequency drills is known to increase noise induced hearing loss due to increasing the damages of inner ear cells. This study aimed to investigate whether preconditioning by using dexmedetomidine (DEX) decreased the occurrence of ischemia in inner cells of the ear.

Methods: We utilised a transgenic zebrafish line Brn3C, and the embryos were collected from breeding adult zebrafish.

Anesthetic management of hypertensive crisis in a three-year-old patient with undiagnosed severe renal artery stenosis: a case report.

Pediatric hypertensive crisis is a potentially life threatening medical emergency, usually secondary to an underlying disease. Hypertension commonly occurs during general anesthesia, and is usually promptly and appropriately treated by anesthesiologists. However in children with severe, unexplained, or refractory hypertension, it has the potential to cause morbidity and even mortality in susceptible patients.

Effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation on preoperative anxiety, pain and endocrine response.

Objectives: Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is used as a treatment for depression and anxiety, and as an adjunctive intervention for pain management. This prospective study investigated whether CES could decrease preoperative anxiety, the injection pain of rocuronium, postoperative pain and stress hormone levels.

Methods: Female patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to two groups, to receive either no pretreatment (control group) or CES pretreatment.

The effect of ketamine on the separation anxiety and emergence agitation in children undergoing brief ophthalmic surgery under desflurane general anesthesia.

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) frequently occurs after desflurane anesthesia in children. Ketamine, because of its sedative and analgesic properties, might be useful for the management of separation anxiety and EA. We investigated the preventive effect of ketamine on separation anxiety and EA after desflurane anesthesia in children for brief ophthalmic surgery.

Effect of ketamine on intravenous patient-controlled analgesia using hydromorphone and ketorolac after the Nuss surgery in pediatric patients.

Background: Nuss surgery is preferred in pectus excavatum repair because this procedure produces excellent cosmetic results and prevents postoperative distressed pulmonary function. However, the procedure causes severe pain due to thoracic expansion. This study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of small doses of ketamine on an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) using hydromorphone and ketorolac for pain control after Nuss surgery.

Beneficial effects of adding ketamine to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with fentanyl after the Nuss procedure in pediatric patients.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective, double-blind, randomized study was to investigate the analgesic effects of low-dose ketamine on intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) with fentanyl for pain control in pediatric patients following the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum.

Materials And Methods: Sixty pediatric patients undergoing the Nuss procedure were randomly assigned to receive fentanyl (Group F, n=30) or fentanyl plus ketamine (Group FK, n=30). Ten minutes before the end of surgery, following the loading dose of each solution, 0.

Morphine attenuates endothelial cell adhesion molecules induced by the supernatant of LPS-stimulated colon cancer cells.

A large reservoir of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is available in the colon and this could promote colon cancer metastasis by enhancing tumor cell adhesion, intravasation, and extravasation. Furthermore, adhesion molecules like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin play important roles in the adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium. This study was designed to determine whether morphine can attenuate the expressions of adhesion molecules up-regulated by the supernatant of LPS-stimulated HCT 116 colon cancer cells (LPS-Sup).

Intrathecal hydromorphone added to hyperbaric bupivacaine for postoperative pain relief after knee arthroscopic surgery: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial.

Background And Objective: Adding opioid to spinal anaesthetic provides additional analgesia during the postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose of intrathecal hydromorphone necessary to achieve postoperative pain relief after arthroscopic knee surgery.

Methods: In a prospective, double-blinded parallel, placebo-controlled manner, 60 patients who were undergoing unilateral knee arthroscopy randomly received unilateral spinal anaesthesia with 0.

Anesthetic experience using total intra-venous anesthesia for a patient with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome -A case report-.

We present here the case of a 33-month-old male patient with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) and who underwent tympanoplasty and myringotomy. WHS is caused by a rare chromosomal abnormality, which is the deletion of the short arm of chromosome number 4. The typical craniofacial features of WHS patients such as micrognathia, microcephaly and the muscular weakness can make using neuromuscular blocking agents and performing intubation difficult.

A case of malignant hyperthermia during anesthesia induction with sevoflurane -A case report-.

We experienced a case of malignant hyperthermia (MH) in 6-year-old boy during anesthesia induction for strabismus surgery. It has been generally reported that sevoflurane can induce the delayed onset of MH in the absence of succinylcholine. Our case of MH was elicited after about 2-3 min of sevoflurane administration with N(2)O, O(2) and rocuronium.

Morphine postconditioning attenuates ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells.

The purpose of this study is to determine 1) whether morphine post condition (MPostC) can attenuate the intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) expression after reoxygenation injury and 2) the subtype(s) of the opioid receptors (ORs) that are involved with MPostC. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to 6 hr anoxia followed by 12 hr reoxygenation. Three morphine concentrations (0.

Management of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 with total spinal block.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and disabling disorder that can affect one or more extremities. Unfortunately, the knowledge concerning its natural history and mechanism is very limited and many current rationales in treatment of CRPS are mainly dependent on efficacy originated in other common conditions of neuropathic pain. Therefore, in this study, we present a case using a total spinal block (TSB) for the refractory pain management of a 16-year-old male CRPS patient, who suffered from constant stabbing and squeezing pain, with severe touch allodynia in the left upper extremity following an operation of chondroblastoma.