Extent and socioeconomic correlates of small area variations in life expectancy in Canada and the United States.

Background: An extensive literature documents substantial variations in life expectancy (LE) between countries and at various levels of subnational geography. These variations in LE are significantly correlated with socioeconomic covariates, though no analyses have been produced at the finest feasible census tract (CT) level of geographic disaggregation in Canada or designed to compare Canada with the United States.

Data And Methods: Abridged life tables for each CT where robust estimates were feasible were estimated comparably with U.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Youth.

Importance: Mortality rates in US youth have increased in recent years. An understanding of the role of racial and ethnic disparities in these increases is lacking.

Objective: To compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends and rates among youth with Hispanic ethnicity and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, and White race.

Neighborhood Predictors of Poor Prenatal Care and Well-Child Visit Attendance.

Purpose: Women and children continue to miss preventive visits. Which neighborhood factors predict inadequate prenatal care (PNC) and well-child visit (WCV) attendance remain unclear.

Description: In a retrospective case-control study at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, mothers with less than 50% adherence or initiation after 5 months gestation were eligible as cases and those with ≥ 80% adherence and initiation before 5 months were eligible as controls.

Association Between Partisan Affiliation of State Governments and State Mortality Rates Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Unlabelled: Policy Points The increasing political polarization of states reached new heights during the COVID-19 pandemic, when response plans differed sharply across party lines. This study found that states with Republican governors and larger Republican majorities in legislatures experienced higher death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic-and in preceding years-but these associations often lost statistical significance after adjusting for the average income and health status of state populations and for the policy orientations of the states. Future research may help clarify whether the higher death rates in these states result from policy choices or have other explanations, such as the tendency of voters with lower incomes or poorer health to elect Republican candidates.

Life Expectancy Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2021: Highly Racialized Deaths in Young and Middle Adulthood in the United States as Compared With Other High-Income Countries.

We estimated changes in life expectancy between 2019 and 2021 in the United States (in the total population and separately for 5 racial/ethnic groups) and 20 high-income peer countries. For each country's total population, we decomposed the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 changes in life expectancy by age. For US populations, we also decomposed the life expectancy changes by age and number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths.

The Lives Lost to Inequities: Avertable Deaths From Neurologic Diseases in the Past Decade.

Background And Objectives: Mortality rates for neurologic diseases are increasing in the United States, with large disparities across geographical areas and populations. Racial and ethnic populations, notably the non-Hispanic (NH) Black population, experience higher mortality rates for many causes of death, but the magnitude of the disparities for neurologic diseases is unclear. The objectives of this study were to calculate mortality rates for neurologic diseases by race and ethnicity and-to place this disparity in perspective-to estimate how many US deaths would have been averted in the past decade if the NH Black population experienced the same mortality rates as other groups.

Falling Behind: The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy Between the United States and Other Countries, 1933-2021.

To document the evolution of the US life expectancy disadvantage and regional variation across the US states. I obtained life expectancy estimates in 2022 from the United Nations, the Human Mortality Database, and the US Mortality Database, and calculated changes in growth rates, US global position (rank), and state-level trends. Increases in US life expectancy slowed from 1950 to 1954 (0.

Excess Deaths Will Continue In The United States Until The Root Causes Are Addressed.

Estimates of excess deaths in 2020-21 only begin to capture the devastating health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. More deaths will occur, and a larger number of Americans will experience disease complications as delays in accessing care and increasing socioeconomic precarity take their toll. No other high-income country experienced as high a death rate during the pandemic.

Identifying bright spot communities: Socioecological, workforce, and healthcare delivery factors influencing opioid mortality.

Context: There were 50,000 U.S. opioid overdose deaths in 2019.

Changes in the Relationship Between Income and Life Expectancy Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, California, 2015-2021.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a large decrease in US life expectancy in 2020, but whether a similar decrease occurred in 2021 and whether the relationship between income and life expectancy intensified during the pandemic are unclear.

Objective: To measure changes in life expectancy in 2020 and 2021 and the relationship between income and life expectancy by race and ethnicity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective ecological analysis of deaths in California in 2015 to 2021 to calculate state- and census tract-level life expectancy.