Alternate-day fasting enhanced weight loss and metabolic benefits over pair-fed calorie restriction in obese mice.

Objective: Both alternate-day fasting (ADF) and calorie restriction (CR) are effective weight loss strategies. However, most individuals find it difficult to adhere to CR. Furthermore, CR can induce an excessive loss of not only fat but also muscle mass.

Changes in Ginsenoside Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ginseng Berry by Puffing.

The effects of puffing on the ginsenoside composition as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ginseng berry were investigated to increase the utilization of ginseng berry. There was no significant difference in extraction yield between the control and puffed samples at all moisture contents and pressure conditions ( < 0.05).

Alleviation of Menopausal Symptoms by Yam (Dioscorea japonica Thunb.) and Gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. Et Zucc.) Extracts in Ovariectomized Mice.

Scope: The decline in estrogen during menopause contributes to a variety of menopausal symptoms, for which hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been extensively applied. Regarding side effects and limited effectiveness of HRT for specific individuals, there is a growing interest in safe alternatives such as phytoestrogens which are structurally analogous to estrogens. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of yam and gromwell extracts, rich in bioactive compounds, and the synergistic effect of extracts on symptoms induced by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) mice.

Modified Korean MIND Diet: A Nutritional Intervention for Improved Cognitive Function in Elderly Women through Mitochondrial Respiration, Inflammation Suppression, and Amino Acid Metabolism Regulation.

Scope: Mild cognitive impairment is associated with a high prevalence of dementia. The study examines the benefits of a modified Korean MIND (K-MIND) diet and explores biomarkers using multi-omics analysis.

Methods And Results: The K-MIND diet, tailored to the elderly Korean population, includes perilla oil, milk, or fermented milk, and avoids alcohol consumption.

Trehalose Inhibits Inflammatory Responses through Mitochondrial Reprogramming in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

Studies reported the beneficial effects of trehalose on metabolic syndromes, hyperlipidemia, and autophagy, but its action mechanisms are still poorly understood. Even though trehalose is digested by disaccharidase and absorbed in the intestine, intact molecules encounter immune cells which form a solid balance between the allowance of nutritive substances and the removal of harmful pathogens. In this regard, the polarization of intestinal macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype through metabolic regulation is emerging as a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of gastrointestinal inflammation.

Effects of Puffing, Acid, and High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatments on Ginsenoside Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Mountain-Cultivated .

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of puffing, acid, and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments on the ginsenoside profile and antioxidant capacity of mountain-cultivated (MCPG) before and after treatments. Puffing and HHP treatments decreased extraction yield and increased crude saponin content. The combination of puffing and HHP treatment showed significantly higher crude saponin content than each single treatment.

Alpinia japonica extract induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and activation of JNK.

Hepatic cancer was the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2018, and its incidence is increasing. While therapeutic agents for hepatic cancer have improved, these agents can cause serious side effects, including damage to healthy tissues. To overcome this limitation, more than 3,000 plants have been used globally as common alternatives for cancer treatment.

Increases in Ginsenoside Rg3, Compound K, and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated Wild Ginseng (CWPG) by Puffing.

Cultivated wild ginseng (CWPG) has been reported to have a higher content of ginsenoside than normal ginseng. This study was carried out to increase the antioxidant activity and active ingredients by the puffing process. Therefore, effects of moisture content and pressure conditions on the antioxidant activity and active ingredients of CWPG were investigated.

Effects of Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone (NHDC) on Oxidative Phosphorylation, Cytokine Production, and Lipid Deposition.

The sweetener neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a precursor for anthocyanins and has been reported to have various bioactivities, including antioxidant and hepatitis inhibitory effects. However, its inflammatory functions and mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In this study, RAW 264.

Rice Bran Oil Attenuates Chronic Inflammation by Inducing M2 Macrophage Switching in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice.

Macrophages are involved in all inflammatory processes from killing pathogens to repairing damaged tissue. In the obese state, macrophages infiltrate into enlarged adipose tissue and polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation due to the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Rice bran oil (RBO) is an edible oil containing tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol.

Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity of Puffed Turmeric ( L.) by High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction (HHPE) of Bioactive Compounds.

Turmeric ( L.) is known for its health benefits. Several previous studies revealed that curcumin, the main active compound in turmeric, has antioxidant capacity.

Puffing of Turmeric ( L.) Enhances its Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Upregulating Macrophage Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Turmeric ( L.), a widely used spice, has anti-inflammatory properties and other health benefits, but the detailed mechanisms of these effects are still poorly understood. Recent advances in assessment of cellular energy metabolism have revealed that macrophage mitochondrial respiration is critical in inflammatory responses.

Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Oil Affects the Immunophenotype via Reprogramming of Mitochondrial Respiration in Murine Macrophages.

Medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil has been postulated to modulate inflammatory responses, but the detailed mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Based on recent studies demonstrating that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and immune responses are correlated, the current study sought to determine whether MCT oil controls inflammatory responses through modulation of mitochondria using both in vitro and in vivo models. The mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes of macrophages were assessed according to oxygen consumption rate (OCR).

Enhancement of Minor Ginsenosides Contents and Antioxidant Capacity of American and Canadian Ginsengs () by Puffing.

The effects of puffing on ginsenosides content and antioxidant activities of American and Canadian ginsengs, , were investigated. American and Canadian ginsengs puffed at different pressures were extracted using 70% ethanol. Puffing formed a porous structure, inducing the efficient elution of internal compounds that resulted in significant increases in extraction yields and crude saponin content.

Puffing as a Novel Process to Enhance the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of L. (Turmeric).

L. (turmeric) is used as a food spice; however, its strong taste restricts wider applications as a food ingredient despite its well-known health benefits. To develop an effective yet simple process for enhancing its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, turmeric was gun-puffed at various pressures.

Rice bran oil ameliorates inflammatory responses by enhancing mitochondrial respiration in murine macrophages.

Previous studies have revealed the anti-inflammatory properties of rice bran oil (RBO), but the detailed mechanisms are poorly understood. Recent studies on the molecular/cellular anti-inflammatory mechanisms of dietary components have demonstrated that mitochondrial respiration plays a key role in macrophage functioning. Since dietary lipids are major substrates for mitochondrial respiration through β-oxidation, the current study examined whether RBO regulates inflammatory responses by modulating mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Puffing of enhances anti-oxidant capacity and down-regulates IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells.

The roots of (RG) have been widely used for medicinal purposes in Asia. The traditional processing of RG involves repetitive steaming and drying, and 9-time-steamed RG (NSRG) is the most commonly consumed form. For a development of a convenient processing method, RG was puffed at various pressures resulting in significantly increased solid extraction yield by up to 14%.

Macrophage-dependent neutrophil recruitment is impaired under conditions of increased intestinal permeability in JAM-A-deficient mice.

Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on leukocytes, endothelia, and epithelia that regulates biological processes including barrier function and immune responses. While JAM-A has been reported to facilitate tissue infiltration of leukocytes under inflammatory conditions, the contributions of leukocyte-expressed JAM-A in vivo remain unresolved. We investigated the role of leukocyte-expressed JAM-A in acute peritonitis induced by zymosan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or TNFα using mice with selective loss of JAM-A in myelomonocytic cells (LysM-Cre;Jam-a).

Change of Ginsenoside Profiles in Processed Ginseng by Drying, Steaming, and Puffing.

Korean ginseng ( Meyer) was processed by drying, steaming, or puffing, and the effects of these processes on the ginsenoside profile were investigated. The main root of 4-year-old raw Korean ginseng was dried to produce white ginseng. Steaming, followed by drying, was employed to produce red or black ginseng.

Novel Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone Analogue Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells through the Nrf2 Pathway.

Obesity, characterized by excess lipid accumulation, has emerged as a leading public health problem. Excessive, adipocyte-induced lipid accumulation raises the risk of metabolic disorders. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be obtained from abundant adipose tissue.

Puffing, a novel coffee bean processing technique for the enhancement of extract yield and antioxidant capacity.

Puffing of coffee beans, which induces heat- and pressure-derived physicochemical changes, was applied as an alternative to roasting. Roasted or puffed coffee beans with equivalent lightness values were compared. The moisture content was higher while the crude fat and protein compositions were lower in puffed beans than in roasted beans.

Downregulation of Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis and Adipogenesis in Adipocytes by Bark Extract.

Korean red pine () bark extract, PineXol (PX), was investigated for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects in vitro. It was hypothesized that PX treatment (25-150 μg/ml) would reduce the lipid synthesis in HepG2 hepatocytes as well as lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Hepatocytes' intracellular triglycerides and cholesterol were decreased in the PX 150 μg/ml treatment group compared with the control ( < 0.

In Vitro Evidence of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Obesity Effects of Medium-Chain Fatty Acid-Diacylglycerols.

Dietary approaches using structured lipids, including medium-chain fatty acids and diacylglycerols, have been adopted for the prevention of obesity-induced chronic inflammation. In an extension to previous studies, medium-chain fatty acid-diacylglycerol enriched dietary oil (MCDG) was prepared by interesterification of canola oil and mediumchain fatty acid-triacylglycerols. The consequent MCDG product was applied to RAW264.

Medium-Chain Enriched Diacylglycerol (MCE-DAG) Oil Decreases Body Fat Mass in Mice by Increasing Lipolysis and Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue.

Medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) escapes the formation of chylomicrons in the small intestine, resulting in energy expenditure through beta-oxidation. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is susceptible to oxidation rather than being stored in the adipose tissue. This study was conducted to verify the effect of MCE-DAG oil on body fat mass in vivo.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citric Acid-Treated Wheat Germ Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages.

Until recently, fermentation was the only processing used to improve the functionality of wheat germ. The release of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) from hydroquinone glycosides during the fermentation process is considered a marker of quality control. Here, we treated wheat germ extract with citric acid (CWG) to release DMBQ and examined the anti-inflammatory activity of this extract using a lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage model.