Chemical Constituents from the Roots of That Improve Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion by Regulating Pancreatic β-Cell Metabolism.

The aim of this study was to discover bioactive constituents of that improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β-cells. Herein, three new compounds, namely, koseonolin A (), koseonolin B (), and isohydroxylomatin (), along with 28 compounds (-) were isolated from the roots of . by chromatographic methods.

In vitro propagation of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. using apical shoot segments and phytochemical assessments of the maternal and regenerated plants.

Background: Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China, Korea, and Japan to treat many diseases including poor gastrointestinal function, low immunity, gastric ulcers, and chronic gastritis.

Rapid Identification of Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Radicis Cortex Using a SCAR Marker-Based Conventional PCR Assay.

Paeoniae Radix is a herbal medicine prepared from the dried roots of , subsp. , and . Although the herbal medicines prepared from these species are morphologically similar, they have different pharmacological effects depending on how they are processed.

PCR-based rapid diagnostic tools for the authentication of medicinal mistletoe species.

Background: Taxilli Herba (TH) and Visci Herba (VH), defined as the leaves and branches of the mistletoe species Taxillus chinensis and Viscum coloratum, respectively, are popular herbal medicines in East Asia. However, commercial TH and VH products are frequently adulterated with related inauthentic mistletoe species, posing efficacy and safety concerns. Accurate species identification of herbal medicinal products is a prerequisite for quality control, but traditional morphological identification methods are hampered by difficulties in discriminating among closely related species and in identifying the source materials in processed products.

Chemical Constituents of the Egg Cases of (Mantidis ootheca) with Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity.

As a traditional medicine with potential antioxidant effects, egg cases (Mantidis ootheca) are a potential source of new bioactive substances. Herein, three new -acetyldopamine derivatives, namely, (+)-tenoderin A (), (-)-tenoderin A (), and tenoderin B (), along with thirteen known compounds (-), were isolated from a 70% EtOH extract of . egg cases.

Cicadidae Periostracum Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms and Pathology via the Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease of complex etiology. Despite its increasing prevalence, treatment for AD is still limited. Crude drugs, including herbal extracts or natural resources, are being used to treat AD symptoms, with minimum side effects.

Neuroprotective Effect of ' Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration.

This study aimed to investigate whether the (PB)' water extract (PBWE) ameliorates trimethyltin (TMT)-induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of the PBWE in vitro, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was conducted in TMT-treated primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. In TMT-treated adult C57BL/6 mice, behavioral and histopathological changes were evaluated by seizure scoring and Fluoro-Jade C staining, respectively.

Root extract of Angelica reflexa B.Y.Lee reduces allergic lung inflammation by regulating Th2 cell activation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditionally, the roots of Angelica reflexa B.Y.Lee (AR) have been used to treat cough, phlegm, neuralgia, and arthralgia in Northeast Asia.

Accurate and Rapid Identification of Longan Arillus and Litchi Semen by a Multiplex PCR Assay.

, , and are commercially valuable subtropical and tropical fruits of the Sapindaceae family. Arillus and seeds of the three species have very similar morphologies; however, the arillus of is used as the herbal medicine Longan Arillus and seeds of are used as Litchi Semen in Korean and Chinese pharmacopoeias. The adulteration of herbal medicines with inauthentic species, including the use of Aril and seed fractions acquired from a single species for two herbal medicines (e.

Establishment of conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays for accurate, rapid and quantitative authentication of four mistletoe species.

Adulterants in processed food and herbal medicines reduce their safety, quality control, or pharmacological efficacy. Four mistletoe species, including Viscum coloratum, inhabit Korea. Leaves and branches of V.

Rapid and Simple Species Identification of Cicada Exuviae Using COI-Based SCAR Assay.

Cicadidae periostracum (CP), the medicinal name of cicada exuviae, is well-known insect-derived traditional medicine with various pharmacological effects, e.g., anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and anticancer effects; it is also beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Mantidis Oötheca (mantis egg case) original species identification via morphological analysis and DNA barcoding.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Mantidis Oötheca (mantis egg case; sangpiaoxiao) is a medicine from an insect source, which has been widely used in Asian countries. However, misidentification due to a lack of information given variations in the medicinal portion of the ootheca and morphological similarities of the ootheca as an egg chamber.

Aim Of The Study: Thus, this study aims to provide the first comprehensive data for discriminating authentic of Mantidis Oötheca.

Complete chloroplast genome of Blume.

Blume is an important herbal medicine. However, little genetic information about is available. To facilitate species identification, we sequenced its complete chloroplast genome using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Comparative Morphological, Ultrastructural, and Molecular Studies of Four Cicadinae Species Using Exuvial Legs.

Previous studies have suggested that exuviae can be used for the identification of cicada species, but the precise characteristics that differ among species have not been determined. Thus, we performed the first comparative analyses of the leg morphology, ultrastructure, and mitochondrial DNA sequences of exuviae of four dominant cicada species in Korea, (Motschulsky, 1866), (Walker, 1850), (Fabricius, 1794) and (Fabricius, 1775), the source of Cicadidae Periostracum, a well-known traditional medicine. A morphological analysis revealed that the profemur length, femoral tooth angle, and distance between the intermediate and last tooth of the femoral comb are useful characteristics for identification.

Species Identification Based on the Morphology of Reproductive Organs and Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences.

The genus (Convolvulaceae) comprises well-known parasitic plants. species are scientifically valuable, as their life style causes extensive crop damage. Furthermore, dried seeds of are used as a Korean traditional herbal medicine.

Development of conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays to discriminate the origins of Chinese pepper oil and herbal materials from Zanthoxylum.

Background: To ensure the safety, quality and therapeutic efficacy of processed foods and herbal medicines, it is important to identify and discriminate economically motivated adulterants. Zanthoxylum schinifolium is sold at a higher price than other Zanthoxylum species and is frequently adulterated with closely related Zanthoxylum species because of its high demand as a Korean food ingredient and medicinal material in markets. In addition, the pericarps of three Zanthoxylum species (Z.

Authentication of the Herbal Medicine Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Using an ITS Sequence-Based Multiplex SCAR Assay.

The accurate identification of plant species is of great concern for the quality control of herbal medicines. The Korean Pharmacopoeia and the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China define Angelicae Dahuricae Radix ( in Korean and in Chinese) as the dried roots of or var. belonging to the family Apiaceae.

Complete chloroplast genome of (Kom.) J. Compton.

Dried rhizomes of , used as a traditional Korean herbal medicine, are frequently adulterated with other plant species. For accurate species identification, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of using Illumina MiSeq. harbours a 159,578 bp chloroplast genome comprising a large single-copy region (88,770 bp), small single-copy region (18,070 bp) and two inverted repeat (IR) regions (IRa and IRb; each 26,519 bp).

Complete chloroplast genome of × Fisch. ex Link.

 ×  Fisch. ex Link is an important herbal medicine. To facilitate species identification, we sequenced its complete chloroplast genome using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Establishment of a PCR Assay for the Detection and Discrimination of Authentic Cordyceps and Adulterant Species in Food and Herbal Medicines.

Accurate detection and differentiation of adulterants in food ingredients and herbal medicines are crucial for the safety and basic quality control of these products. is described as the only fungal source for the authentic medicinal ingredient used in the herbal medicine "Cordyceps", and two other fungal species, and , are the authentic fungal sources for food ingredients in Korea. However, substitution of these three species, and adulteration of herbal material and dietary supplements originating from or , seriously affects the safety and reduces the therapeutic efficacy of these products.

Authentication of Herbal Medicines and Using DNA Barcodes, Chloroplast Genome, and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Marker.

Dried roots of (Caprifoliaceae) are used as important traditional herbal medicines in Korea. However, the roots are often used as a mixture or contaminated with in Korean herbal markets. Furthermore, the dried roots of (Lamiaceae) are used indiscriminately with those of , with the confusing Korean names of Sok-Dan and Han-Sok-Dan for and , respectively.

The complete chloroplast genome of Engelm.

is a parasitic plant whose seeds are often mixed with the seeds of medicinal species. To facilitate the identification of seeds, we generated the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Engelm. using the Illumina MiSeq platform.