LOGIC: LLM-originated guidance for internal cognitive improvement of small language models in stance detection.

Stance detection is a critical task in natural language processing that determines an author's viewpoint toward a specific target, playing a pivotal role in social science research and various applications. Traditional approaches incorporating Wikipedia-sourced data into small language models (SLMs) to compensate for limited target knowledge often suffer from inconsistencies in article quality and length due to the diverse pool of Wikipedia contributors. To address these limitations, we utilize large language models (LLMs) pretrained on expansive datasets to generate accurate and contextually relevant target knowledge.

Myoblast-derived exosomes reduce anticancer drug-induced muscle toxicity via an autocrine pathway.

During cancer treatment, cachexia, characterized by muscle loss, often occurs, with one of the contributing factors being muscle toxicity caused by anticancer drugs. It affects approximately 80% of patients with cancer, particularly those with digestive organ malignancies. However, effective treatment for this condition remains elusive.

Melt Spinnability Comparison of Mechanically and Chemically Recycled Polyamide 6 for Plastic Waste Reuse.

With the increasing volume of synthetic fiber waste, interest in plastic reuse technologies has grown. To address this issue, physical and chemical recycling techniques for polyamide, a major component of textile waste, have been developed. This study investigates the remelting and reforming properties of four types of pristine and recycled polyamide 6, focusing on how the microstructural arrangement of recycled polyamides affects polymer fiber formation.

Association between grit and insomnia: A population-based study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of the grit scale, a personality trait characterized by perseverance and passion, with both the presence and the severity of insomnia in the Korean adult population.

Methods: A nationwide population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires between September and December 2018 in Korea. Grit was assessed by using the 8-item Short Grit Scale.

Miltefosine induces reproductive toxicity during sperm capacitation by altering PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Miltefosine is the first and only drug approved for the treatment of leishmaniasis. It is also known as a PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor utilized in anti-cancer or anti-viral therapies. However, the impact of miltefosine on male fertility has not been fully understood.

An Exosome-Laden Hydrogel Wound Dressing That Can Be Point-of-Need Manufactured in Austere and Operational Environments.

Skin wounds often form scar tissue during healing. Early intervention with tissue-engineered materials and cell therapies may promote scar-free healing. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are believed to have high regenerative capacity.

Ethylene oxide suppresses boar sperm function during capacitation.

Ethylene oxide (E.O) is an epoxide compound, and it has been utilized as a sterilizer or production of ether compounds in several industries. Although the toxic effects of E.

Assessing the Risks of Pesticide Exposure: Implications for Endocrine Disruption and Male Fertility.

Pesticides serve as essential tools in agriculture and public health, aiding in pest control and disease management. However, their widespread use has prompted concerns regarding their adverse effects on humans and animals. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the toxicity profile of pesticides, focusing on their detrimental impacts on the nervous, hepatic, cardiac, and pulmonary systems, and their impact on reproductive functions.

Effects of oridonin on sperm function and the PI3K/PDK1/AKT signaling pathway: Implications for reproductive toxicity.

Oridonin, a natural terpenoid isolated from the leaves of Isodon rubescens (Hemsley) H.Hara, is widely used in oriental medicine for its anticancer properties across various cancer types. Despite its prevalent use, the toxic effects of oridonin on male reproduction, particularly its impact on sperm functions and the mechanisms involved, are not well understood.

Seasonal variation and removal of microplastics in a central Asian urban wastewater treatment plant.

This paper investigated the MP presence and removal in the urban WWTP in Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan. MP concentrations in the 100-5000 μm size were analyzed across treatment stages with a modified treatment process scheme, and their removal efficiencies were evaluated. The WWTP effluent displayed a low MP concentration (4.

Flood susceptibility mapping of Cheongju, South Korea based on the integration of environmental factors using various machine learning approaches.

Floods are natural occurrences that pose serious risks to human life and the environment, including significant property and infrastructure damage and subsequent socioeconomic challenges. Recent floods in Cheongju County, South Korea have been linked to river overflow. In this study, we created flood susceptibility maps of Cheongju, South Korea using machine learning techniques including support vector regression (SVR), boosted tree (BOOST), and long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithms, based on environmental factors.

Main Group-Catalyzed Cationic Claisen Rearrangements via Vinyl Carbocations.

We report a catalytic C-O coupling/Claisen cascade reaction enabled by interception of vinyl carbocations with allyl ethers. The reaction utilizes commercially available borate salts as catalysts and is effective at constructing sterically hindered C-C bonds. The reaction mechanism is studied experimentally and computationally to support a charge-accelerated [3,3] rearrangement of a silyloxonium cation.

Nirmatrelvir has detrimental effects on sperm function by altering the PI3K/PDK1/AKT signaling pathway.

Nirmatrelvir (NMV) is a recently developed selective inhibitor of the main protease of Sars-Cov-2 that reduces the severity of infection. Despite its widespread use and various side effects, NMV's effect on male fertility is still unclear. This study was thus established to investigate how NMV affects male fertility.

The effect of carbonized zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) support on the reactivity and selectivity of bimetal-catalytic aqueous NO reduction.

A metallic catalyst, Cobalt N-doped Carbon (Co@NC), was obtained from Zeolitic-Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) for efficient aqueous nitrate (NO) removal. This advanced catalyst indicated remarkable efficiency by generating valuable ammonium (NH/NH) via an environmentally friendly production technique during the nitrate treatment. Among various metals (Cu, Pt, Pd, Sn, Ru, and Ni), 3.

Effect of dynamic binaural beats on sleep quality: a proof-of-concept study with questionnaire and biosignals.

Binaural beat (BB) has been investigated as a potential modality to enhance sleep quality. In this study, we introduce a new form of BB, referred to as dynamic BB (DBB), which incorporates dynamically changing carrier frequency differences between the left and right ears. Specifically, the carrier frequency of the right ear varied between 100 and 103 Hz over a period, while the left ear remained fixed at 100 Hz, yielding a frequency difference range of 0 to 3 Hz.

Comparative Analysis of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Disc Degeneration: Understanding the Dynamics of Temporary-Compression-Induced Early Autophagy and Sustained-Compression-Triggered Apoptosis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the initiation of autophagy activation and apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells under temporary compression (TC) and sustained compression (SC) to identify ideal research approaches in intervertebral disc degeneration. Various techniques were used: radiography (X-ray), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transmission electron microscope (TEM), H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) (LC3, beclin-1, and cleaved caspase-3), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for autophagy-related (beclin-1, LC3, and P62) and apoptosis-related (caspase-3 and PARP) gene expression analysis. X-ray and MRI revealed varying degrees of disc degeneration, ranging from moderate to severe in both groups.

Adverse Effects of Avobenzone on Boar Sperm Function: Disruption of Protein Kinase A Activity and Tyrosine Phosphorylation.

Avobenzone (AVO), an ultraviolet (UV) filter, is frequently used as an ingredient in personal cosmetics. This UV filter has been found to be easily exposed in swimming pools and beaches, and it has been detected in human urine and blood. Moreover, numerous studies have demonstrated that AVO exhibits endocrine-disrupting properties.

Application of sperm motion kinematics and motility-related proteins for prediction of male fertility.

The selection of superior sires is paramount for enhancing the efficiency of animal production in the livestock industry. However, semen quality assessment still relies on conventional semen analysis techniques in both animals and humans. Despite extensive efforts to develop various biomarkers for more accurate and precise predictions of male fertility potential, more effective physiological indicators and advance potential biomarkers are needed.

Accessing Medium-Sized Rings via Vinyl Carbocation Intermediates.

Medium-sized rings (8-11-membered cycles) are often more challenging to synthesize than smaller rings (5-7-membered cycles) due to ring strain. Herein, we report a catalytic method for forming 8- and 9-membered rings that proceeds via the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reactions of vinyl carbocation intermediates. These reactive species are generated catalytically through the ionization of vinyl toluenesulfonates by a Lewis acidic lithium cation-weakly coordinating anion salt.

Ritonavir Has Reproductive Toxicity Depending on Disrupting PI3K/PDK1/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Ritonavir (RTV) is an antiviral and a component of COVID-19 treatments. Moreover, RTV demonstrates anti-cancer effects by suppressing AKT. However, RTV has cytotoxicity and suppresses sperm functions by altering AKT activity.

Effect of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on sperm function: Insights into the PI3K/PDK1/AKT signaling pathway during capacitation.

4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that impairs animal and human reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying male reproductive dysfunction by 4-NP have not been fully understood. Herein, we demonstrated the effects of 4-NP on boar sperm functions and molecular mechanisms.

Molecular Dynamics of the Norbornyl Cation in Solution and Its Generation in Winstein-Trifan Solvolysis: The Timing of Sigma Bridging.

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the solvolyses of - and -norbornyl brosylate and for the "nonclassical" σ-bridged norbornyl cation in an acetic acid solution. This computational modeling of the original Winstein-Trifan experiment confirms that -solvolysis is accompanied by σ-bridging in the transition state, while -solvolysis is not; σ-bridging eventually occurs in a dynamically stepwise fashion. Simulations of the norbornyl cation in solution show typical vibrations due to zero-point and thermal vibrations but no tendency to sample localized "classical cation" geometries.