Patient experiences of co-designed rehabilitation interventions: protocol for a rapid review.

Introduction: Patient-centred care can be facilitated by co-design, which refers to collaboration between healthcare professionals and consumers in producing and implementing healthcare. Systematic reviews on co-design have mainly focused on the effectiveness of co-produced healthcare interventions. Less attention has been directed towards the experiences of patients in co-designed interventions.

Palliative Care's Role in Austere Medicine.

The integration of palliative care across multiple domains has increased in recent years, particularly in austere medical settings such as humanitarian crises and low- and middle-income countries. Providing relief from suffering through a multifaceted approach for patients in austere environments is both an ethical imperative and perfectly suited to palliative care's ethos. Practical resources have been developed that can guide many levels of medical practitioners in the administration of palliative care techniques in these settings.

Imaging in neonatal respiratory disease.

The purpose of this review is to describe the current state of the art in clinical imaging for NICU patients, divided into major areas that correspond to likely phenotypes of neonatal respiratory disease: airway abnormalities, parenchymal disease, and pulmonary vascular disease. All common imaging modalities (ultrasound, X-ray, CT, and MRI) are discussed, with an emphasis on modalities that are most relevant to the individual underlying aspects of disease. Some promising aspects of dynamic and functional imaging are included, where there may be future clinical applicability.

VESPA ASL: VElocity and SPAtially Selective Arterial Spin Labeling.

Purpose: Spatially selective arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI is sensitive to arterial transit times (ATT) that can result in inaccurate perfusion quantification when ATTs are long. Velocity-selective ASL is robust to this effect because blood is labeled within the imaging region, allowing immediate label delivery. However, velocity-selective ASL cannot characterize ATTs, which can provide important clinical information.

Evaluating intake levels of nutrients linked to non-communicable diseases in Australia using the novel combination of food processing and nutrient profiling metrics of the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model.

Purpose: To investigate intake levels of nutrients linked to non-communicable diseases in Australia using the novel combination of food processing and nutrient profiling metrics of the PAHO Nutrient Profile Model.

Methods: Dietary intakes of 12,153 participants from the Australian Health Survey (2011-12) aged 2 + years were evaluated. Food items reported during a 24 h recall were classified using the NOVA system.

The Nutritional Profile and On-Pack Marketing of Toddler-Specific Food Products Launched in Australia between 1996 and 2020.

With the food system evolving, it is not clear how the nutrition and on-pack claims of toddler foods have been impacted. Data on the trends in Australia are lacking, so we sought to determine the changes in the nutrition and on-pack claims of toddler-specific packaged foods over time. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the Mintel Global New Products Database.

Polyyne [3]Rotaxanes: Synthesis via Dicobalt Carbonyl Complexes and Enhanced Stability.

New strategies for synthesizing polyyne polyrotaxanes are being developed as an approach to stable carbyne "insulated molecular wires". Here we report an active metal template route to polyyne [3]rotaxanes, using dicobalt carbonyl masked alkyne equivalents. We synthesized two [3]rotaxanes, both with the same C polyyne dumbbell component, one with a phenanthroline-based macrocycle and one using a 2,6-pyridyl cycloparaphenylene nanohoop.

Phase Ib trial of lenalidomide as post-remission therapy for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia: Safety and longitudinal assessment of geriatric functional domains.

Background And Objectives: Novel, non-cytotoxic agents are driving a paradigm shift for treatment of older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Older patients who initially receive intensive cytotoxic induction may choose to not proceed with cytotoxic consolidation therapy. Lenalidomide is an orally-administered immunomodulatory small molecule with activity in AML and a favorable safety profile in older adults with active leukemia.

Analysis of Outcomes of Pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy and Reconstruction with Longitudinal Comparison in a Single Institution.

Advanced hypopharyngeal tumours present complex clinical challenges, and where resection is attempted, there is a requirement for major reconstruction. Despite advances in surgical technique, outcomes remain poor for this patient group, and optimum treatment has yet to be established. We aimed to assess the treatment and outcomes of patients in our institution in the context of previous studies.

Sources of Resilience in Frontline Health Professionals during COVID-19.

Background: While the challenges for psychological well-being for Australian healthcare workers have been documented, there has been a dearth of qualitative research on the sources of resilience that sustained workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study identified sources of resilience that clinicians used to cope with frontline challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 frontline health professionals, across five Australian hospitals, between October 2020 and April 2021.

Evaluation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in canine urothelial carcinoma cell lines.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary tumor in dogs and despite combinational therapies, only modest improvements in survival have been achieved in recent years. Given the utility of monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 and PD-L1 in human UC, we evaluated the protein and mRNA expression in three established canine urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis confirmed cell line expression of both molecules in varying degrees.

Managing hospitalized patients with a COPD exacerbation: the role of hospitalists and the multidisciplinary team.

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with high rates of hospitalizations, costs, and morbidity. Therefore, hospitalists and the multidisciplinary team (hospital team) need to take a proactive approach to ensure patients are effectively managed from hospital admission to postdischarge. Comprehensive screening and diagnostic testing of patients at admission will enable an accurate diagnosis of COPD exacerbations, and severity, as well as other factors that may impact the length of hospital stay.

Effect of a Novel Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Supplement on Dry Eye Disease: A 3-month Randomized Controlled Trial.

Significance: Supplementing diet with a novel combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids significantly improved symptoms in extremely symptomatic participants with dry eye disease (DED).

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of daily intake of a novel combination of essential fatty acids on signs and symptoms of DED.

Methods: Participants with moderate to severe DED were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-masked parallel group study.

Evaluation of lymphocyte-specific programmed cell death protein 1 receptor expression and cytokines in blood and urine in canine urothelial carcinoma patients.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary tumour in dogs. Despite a range of treatment options, prognosis remains poor in dogs. In people, breakthroughs with checkpoint inhibitors have established new standards of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients and elevated levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) suggest immune checkpoint blockade may be a novel target for therapy.

Skeletal stem cell fate defects caused by Pdgfrb activating mutation.

Autosomal dominant PDGFRβ gain-of-function mutations in mice and humans cause a spectrum of wasting and overgrowth disorders afflicting the skeleton and other connective tissues, but the cellular origin of these disorders remains unknown. We demonstrate that skeletal stem cells (SSCs) isolated from mice with a gain-of-function D849V point mutation in PDGFRβ exhibit colony formation defects that parallel the wasting or overgrowth phenotypes of the mice. Single-cell RNA transcriptomics with SSC-derived polyclonal colonies demonstrates alterations in osteogenic and chondrogenic precursors caused by PDGFRβD849V.

Improving hyperpolarized Xe ADC mapping in pediatric and adult lungs with uncertainty propagation.

Rationale: Hyperpolarized (HP) Xe-MRI provides non-invasive methods to quantify lung function and structure, with the Xe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) being a well validated measure of alveolar airspace size. However, the experimental factors that impact the precision and accuracy of HP Xe ADC measurements have not been rigorously investigated. Here, we introduce an analytical model to predict the experimental uncertainty of Xe ADC estimates.

Local urban government policies to facilitate healthy and environmentally sustainable diet-related practices: a scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review sought to describe the policy actions that urban local governments globally have implemented to facilitate healthy and environmentally sustainable diet-related practices.

Setting: Urban local government authorities.

Design: Five databases were searched to identify publications which cited policies being implemented by local governments within the 199 signatory cities of the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact (MUFPP) that targeted at least one healthy and sustainable diet-related practice.

Fetal lung development via quantitative biomarkers from diffusion MRI and histological validation in rhesus macaques.

Objective: To demonstrate sensitivity of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) to pulmonary cellular-space changes during normal in utero development using fetal rhesus macaques, compared to histological biomarkers.

Study Design: In vivo/ex vivo DW-MRI was acquired in 26 fetal rhesus lungs (early-canalicular through saccular stages). Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from MRI and tissue area density (H&E), alveolar type-II cells (ABCA3), and epithelial cells (TTF1) from histology were compared between gestational stages.