A multicenter retrospective case-cohort study on the prevalence of incisional morbidities in late pregnant mares following exploratory celiotomy (2014-2019): 579 cases.

Objective: To report the prevalence and risk factors for incisional morbidities in late pregnant and nonpregnant/early pregnant control mares following colic surgery.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study from January 2014 to December 2019.

Setting: Two university teaching hospitals and 1 private referral center.

Prognosis for survival to discharge and racing performance in Thoroughbred foals treated for single joint septic arthritis (2009-2016).

Background: Haematogenous septic arthritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in foals. Previous research has demonstrated a variable prognosis for athletic performance in foals diagnosed with septic arthritis.

Objective: To determine the racing prognosis for Thoroughbred foals, 6 months of age or less with single septic joint of presumed haematogenous origin without recognised systemic sepsis or other serious comorbidity compared with a group of maternal sibling controls.

Preoperative computed tomographic evaluation of neonatal foals with rib fractures.

Objective: To compare ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings in neonatal foals prior to surgical repair of rib fractures as well as postoperative outcomes in foals with and without preoperative thoracic computed tomography (CT). Study design Retrospective cohort study. Sample population 43 neonatal foals undergoing surgical treatment of rib fractures between 2013 and 2021.

Clinical outcomes after colopexy through left ventral paramedian incision in 156 thoroughbred broodmares with large colon disorders (1999-2015).

Objective: To describe a technique for colopexy via a left ventral paramedian incision and report postoperative clinical outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: One hundred fifty-six thoroughbred broodmares treated with a colopexy through a left ventral paramedian incision between 1999 and 2015.

Effects of hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membranes on the clinical outcome of horses undergoing emergency exploratory celiotomy.

Objective: To determine the influence of hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) membranes applied to intestinal anastomoses or enterotomies on postoperative complications after emergency exploratory celiotomy.

Study Design: Multicenter retrospective case-controlled series.

Animals: Adult horses (59 in the HA-CMC group and 91 controls).

Update on laryngeal disorders and treatment.

Laryngeal disorders are relatively common in the horse, and thorough diagnostic evaluation is essential to make an accurate definitive diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment. The value of exercising endoscopy must not be overlooked, and the recent development of dynamic (overground) endoscopy is providing new insights into dynamic laryngeal lesions. The focus of this article will be on recently described disorders and treatments or modifications to existing treatments.

Duration of disease influences survival to discharge of Thoroughbred mares with surgically treated large colon volvulus.

Reasons For Performing Study: Large colon volvulus results in strangulating obstruction requiring surgical treatment. Duration of this disease prior to surgical treatment is likely to influence survival directly.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of duration of large colon volvulus on patient survival to discharge.

Evaluation of survival rate and athletic ability after nonsurgical or surgical treatment of cleft palate in horses: 55 cases (1986-2008).

Objective: To determine survival rate and athletic ability after nonsurgical or surgical treatment of cleft palate in horses.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 55 horses with cleft palate.

Ultrasound features of arytenoid chondritis in Thoroughbred horses.

Reasons For Performing Study: Laryngeal ultrasonography can provide valuable information when considering a diagnosis of arytenoid chondritis, but specific ultrasonographic parameters have not been defined.

Objectives: To compare ultrasonographic findings of the arytenoid cartilages in horses with endoscopically diagnosed arytenoid chondritis with ultrasonographic findings of the arytenoid cartilages in normal horses.

Methods: Ultrasound images of the larynx were obtained at the level of the arytenoid cartilages in horses with endoscopically diagnosed arytenoid chondritis and horses with normal arytenoid cartilage structure and function.

Factors influencing foaling rate following colic surgery in pregnant Thoroughbred mares in Central Kentucky.

Reasons For Performing Study: Clinical experience has suggested that foaling rates following colic surgery in the pregnant mare are influenced by days of gestation. This premise has not been supported in previous studies. We also aimed to determine the effects of other potential influencing factors.

Association of treadmill upper airway endoscopic evaluation with results of ultrasonography and resting upper airway endoscopic evaluation.

Reasons For Performing Study: Assessment of arytenoid movement has traditionally been performed using upper airway (UA) endoscopy. However, recent work suggests that laryngeal ultrasonography may provide additional complementary information.

Objective: To determine the value of laryngeal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in the horse.

Imaging diagnosis--nasal septal and laryngeal cyst-like malformationsin a Thoroughbred weanling colt diagnosed using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

A foal was examined for abnormal upper airway noise. Endoscopically, there were narrowed nasal passages and an extralumenal mass of the cranial trachea. Using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the larynx and cranial cervical trachea, irregular margins of the laryngeal cartilages and first tracheal ring containing areas consistent with fluid were identified.

Diagnosis of laryngeal dysplasia in five horses using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography.

Reasons For Performing Study: Laryngeal dysplasia due to suspected maldevelopment of the fourth branchial arch has been reported previously in the horse and has been associated with rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch and/or right laryngeal dysfunction. These studies all described the endoscopic and/or anatomical post mortem identification of the disease, but ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this disease have not been described.

Hypothesis: MRI and ultrasound findings accurately reflect the anatomical features of presumptive fourth branchial arch abnormality and allow accurate ante mortem diagnosis of this condition and, therefore, appropriate management.

Management and assessment of prognosis after gastrocnemius disruption in Thoroughbred foals: 28 cases (1993-2007).

Reasons For Performing Study: Few studies have evaluated the athletic prognosis of foals affected by gastrocnemius disruption.

Objective: To examine the diagnosis and management of gastrocnemius disruption in Thoroughbred (TB) foals, determine short-term survival rate and assess future racing performance. The hypothesis was that Thoroughbred foals with gastrocnemius disruption are able to perform as racehorses comparably to their age matched maternal siblings.

Do cartoon stickers given after a hemoglobin finger stick influence preschoolers' pain perception?

The purpose of this study was to determine if providing a sticker after a finger stick for hemoglobin check reduced pain perception among preschool-aged children. The hypothesis was: Sticker rewards influence the perception of pain as measured by the Oucher scale following a finger stick to check hemoglobin. Preschoolers from Headstart Centers in a southeastern city were recruited for the study.

Acid-base, blood gas, and physiologic parameters during laparoscopy in the head-down position in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

The objective of this project was to evaluate the acid-base, blood gas, and physiologic parameters of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during laparoscopy in the head-down position. Eleven white-tailed does were captured and then immobilized with xylazine (6 mg/kg i.m.

A comparison of laryngoplasty and modified partial arytenoidectomy as treatments for laryngeal hemiplegia in exercising horses.

Objective: To compare upper airway mechanics, arterial blood gases, and tracheal contamination in horses with induced left laryngeal hemiplegia (recurrent laryngeal neuropathy [RLN]) treated by laryngoplasty/vocal cordectomy (LPVC) or modified partial arytenoidectomy (MPA).

Study Design: Repeated measures under the following conditions: Control, RLN, LPVC, and MPA.

Animals: Six horses.

Can an external device prevent dorsal displacement of the soft palate during strenuous exercise?

Reasons For Performing Study: Dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) is a common condition in racehorses for which various surgical treatments are often performed. In light of recent findings that suggested the position of the larynx may influence the occurrence of DDSP, we investigated whether a noninvasive mean of affecting the position of the larynx could be effective in the management of DDSP.

Hypothesis: An external device (laryngohyoid support; LHS) positioning the larynx in a more rostral and dorsal location and preventing caudal displacement of the basihyoid bone would be effective in preventing DDSP during strenuous exercise.

Surgical advancement of the larynx (laryngeal tie-forward) as a treatment for dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses: a prospective study 2001-2004.

Reasons For Performing Study: Correct placement of sutures ('laryngeal tie-forward') in experimentally created dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) has been observed to replace the function of the thyrohyoideus muscles and prevent DDSP.

Hypothesis: The 'laryngeal tie-forward' procedure would prevent or delay the occurrence of DDSP during exercise in horses with naturally occurring DDSP and therefore improve performance.

Methods: A clinical population (n = 116), mainly of racehorses was presented for treatment of naturally occurring exercise-induced DDSP.

Computed tomographic appearance of choanal atresia in an alpaca cria.

A 6-hour-old alpaca cria was admitted for evaluation of respiratory distress since birth. Contrast radiography confirmed the presence of bilateral choanal atresia, and computed tomography (CT) evaluation was planned to aid in the surgical treatment. Due to deterioration in the cria's condition, euthanasia was performed prior to the CT examination.

Investigations into the role of the thyrohyoid muscles in the pathogenesis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in horses.

Reasons For Performing Study: Contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate during exercise so that management of this condition could be enhanced.

Hypothesis: That the thyrohyoid muscles play an important role in the stability of the laryngo-palatal relationship and that dysfunction of these muscles leads to dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) during exercise.

Methods: Ten horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill under 4 different treatment conditions: control conditions (n = 10), after resection of thyrohyoid muscles (TH, n = 10), after sham-treatment (n = 5), or after restoration of function of the thyrohyoid muscles with surgical sutures (prosthesis-treatment, n = 6).

In vitro biomechanical properties of 2 compression fixation methods for midbody proximal sesamoid bone fractures in horses.

Objective: To evaluate 2 methods of midbody proximal sesamoid bone repair--fixation by a screw placed in lag fashion and circumferential wire fixation--by comparing yield load and the adjacent soft-tissue strain during monotonic loading.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Sample Population: 10 paired equine cadaver forelimbs from race-trained horses.

Apical fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone in standardbred horses: 43 cases (1990-1996).

Objective: To determine whether fracture fragment dimensions, suspensory ligament damage, and racing status at the time of injury were associated with outcome in Standardbred horses with apical fracture of the proximal sesamoid bone.

Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: 43 Standardbred racehorses.

Serological survey for rabies antibodies in raptors from California.

Fifty-three newly captive birds of prey were tested serologically for neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus, using a fluorescent focus inhibition test. No significant antibody titers were detected with this sensitive and specific technique in any of these birds. This study supports the contention that free-ranging birds of prey are of limited importance in the epidemiology of rabies.

Main Drain virus as a cause of equine encephalomyelitis.

Main Drain virus, which is thought to be transmitted normally among rabbits and various rodents by its natural vector, Culicoides variipennis, was isolated repeatedly from brain tissue of a sick horse from Sacramento County, California, and was implicated as the causative agent. Signs of illness were incoordination and ataxia, stiff neck, head pressing, inability to swallow, fever, and tachycardia.