Overexpression of phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Brassica napus results in changes in lipid metabolism and oil accumulation.

The regulation of lipid metabolism in oil seeds is still not fully understood and increasing our knowledge in this regard is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a major global oil crop where increases in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation have been achieved by overexpression of relevant biosynthetic enzymes. In this study, we expressed Arabidopsis phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT1), one of the two major TAG-forming plant enzymes in B.

Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of Brassica napus L. during Seed Maturation Reveals Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression between Embryos and Seed Coats and Distinct Expression Profiles of Acyl-CoA-Binding Proteins for Lipid Accumulation.

Production of vegetable oils is a vital agricultural resource and oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is the third most important oil crop globally. Although the regulation of lipid biosynthesis in oilseeds is still not fully defined, the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been reported to be involved in such metabolism, including oil accumulation, in several plant species. In this study, progressive changes in gene expression in embryos and seed coats at different stages of seed development were comprehensively investigated by transcriptomic analyses in B.

Increase in lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) increases seed triacylglycerol content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient.

Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT) catalyses the second step of the Kennedy pathway for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. In this study we expressed Trapaeolum majus LPAAT in Brassica napus (B. napus) cv 12075 to evaluate the effects on lipid synthesis and estimate the flux control coefficient for LPAAT.

Expression of SULTR2;2, encoding a low-affinity sulphur transporter, in the Arabidopsis bundle sheath and vein cells is mediated by a positive regulator.

The bundle sheath provides a conduit linking veins and mesophyll cells. In the C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it also plays important roles in oxidative stress and sulphur metabolism. However, the mechanisms responsible for the patterns of gene expression that underpin these metabolic specializations are poorly understood.

Using lipidomics to reveal details of lipid accumulation in developing seeds from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).

With dwindling available agricultural land, concurrent with increased demand for oil, there is much current interest in raising oil crop productivity. We have been addressing this issue by studying the regulation of oil accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L). As part of this research we have carried out a detailed lipidomic analysis of developing seeds.

Spatial and Temporal Mapping of Key Lipid Species in Seeds.

The regulation of lipid synthesis in oil seeds is still not fully understood. Oilseed rape () is the third most productive vegetable oil crop on the global market; therefore, increasing our understanding of lipid accumulation in oilseed rape seeds is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a technique that allows the mapping of metabolites directly onto intact biological tissues, giving a spatial context to metabolism.

Effect of Atlas Vertebrae Realignment in Subjects with Migraine: An Observational Pilot Study.

Introduction. In a migraine case study, headache symptoms significantly decreased with an accompanying increase in intracranial compliance index following atlas vertebrae realignment. This observational pilot study followed eleven neurologist diagnosed migraine subjects to determine if the case findings were repeatable at baseline, week four, and week eight, following a National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association intervention.

Acyl-Trafficking During Plant Oil Accumulation.

Vegetable oils are an extremely important agricultural commodity. Their use has risen inexorably for the last 50 years and will undoubtedly be even more prevalent in the future. They have a role not only in foodstuffs but also as renewable chemicals.

Craniocervical chiropractic procedures - a précis of upper cervical chiropractic.

Presented here is a narrative review of upper cervical procedures intended to facilitate understanding and to increase knowledge of upper cervical chiropractic care. Safety, efficacy, common misconceptions, and research are discussed, allowing practitioners, chiropractic students, and the general public to make informed decisions regarding utilization and referrals for this distinctive type of chiropractic care. Upper cervical techniques share the same theoretical paradigm in that the primary subluxation exists in the upper cervical spine.

Evolutionary convergence of cell-specific gene expression in independent lineages of C4 grasses.

Leaves of almost all C4 lineages separate the reactions of photosynthesis into the mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS). The extent to which messenger RNA profiles of M and BS cells from independent C4 lineages resemble each other is not known. To address this, we conducted deep sequencing of RNA isolated from the M and BS of Setaria viridis and compared these data with publicly available information from maize (Zea mays).

Light-regulated and cell-specific methylation of the maize PEPC promoter.

The molecular mechanisms governing PEPC expression in maize remain to be fully defined. Differential methylation of a region in the PEPC promoter has been shown to correlate with transcript accumulation, however, to date, investigations into the role of DNA methylation in maize PEPC expression have relied on the use of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. Bisulphite sequencing was used here to provide a single-base resolution methylation map of the maize PEPC promoter.

Interexaminer reliability of supine leg checks for discriminating leg-length inequality.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify interexaminer reliability of a standardized supine leg check procedure used to screen for leg-length inequality.

Methods: Two doctors of chiropractic used a standardized supine leg check procedure to examine 50 volunteers for leg-length inequality. The order of examination was randomized.

Strategies for engineering a two-celled C(4) photosynthetic pathway into rice.

Every day almost one billion people suffer from chronic hunger, and the situation is expected to deteriorate with a projected population growth to 9 billion worldwide by 2050. In order to provide adequate nutrition into the future, rice yields in Asia need to increase by 60%, a change that may be achieved by introduction of the C(4) photosynthetic cycle into rice. The international C(4) Rice Consortium was founded in order to test the feasibility of installing the C(4) engine into rice.

Telephone assessment and advice: a training programme.

Nurses have become increasingly involved in providing telephone assessment and advice, and telephone triage is emerging as an important part of the everyday role that nurses can play in A&E, general practice and other community settings. This article describes a project to prepare staff to fulfil this role.

Effects of L-cysteine, L-cysteine derivatives and ascorbic acid on lead excretion in rats.

Urinary and fecal excretion of lead in rats were compared after intravenous administration of L-cysteine and a number of its derivatives. In terms of increasing total lead excretion, L-cysteine ethyl ester was about half as effective as D-penicillamine, whereas L-cysteine and all other derivatives tested were only marginally effective. Interestingly, L-cysteine ethyl ester appeared to increase lead depletion mainly through biliary excretion.