Evidence for the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of three semi-synthetic derivatives of xylopic acid in mice.

Purpose: Major depressive disorder is one of the most common and burdensome psychiatric disorders worldwide. This study evaluated the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activity of three semi-synthetic derivatives of xylopic acid (XA) to identify the most promising derivative based on mechanism(s) of action, in vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro cytotoxicity.

Methods: The anxiolytic potential and the involvement of GABAergic mechanisms were assessed in the elevated plus-maze and open field tests in mice.

Antiplasmodial and anti-trypanosomial monoterpene indole alkaloids from .

Eight monoterpene indole alkaloids (-), including one new picraline-type alkaloid, 2-hydroxyakuammiline () and seven known compounds: akuammigine (), akuammine (), akuammidine (), akuammiline (), akuammiline N-oxide (), akuammiline (), rhazimol (), and alstonine () were isolated from the seeds of . Structure elucidation was done by analysis of their MS and NMR spectroscopic data. The antiplasmodial effects of compounds - were moderate.

Analysis of Spontaneously Reported Adverse Drug Events: Towards Developing Systems for Preventability.

Analysing data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in health facilities is an essential step to help develop effective strategies to reduce their incidence. The objective was to analyse spontaneous ADR reports sent to the Ghanaian Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) by two reporting health facilities over 5 years. Data from duplicate spontaneous ADR reports sent to the FDA (Ghana) from 2014 to 2018 were extracted.

Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid co-administered with selected antidepressants.

Background: Xylopic acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene from the dried fruits of has anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activity in mice and zebrafish. We aimed to assess the potential synergistic antidepressant-like effects of XA when combined with selected antidepressants in the mouse forced-swim test.

Materials And Methods: The antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid (XA) (10, 30, 100 mgkg), fluoxetine (Flx) (3, 10, 30 mgkg), sertraline (Sert) (3, 10, 30 mgkg), imipramine (Imi) (10, 30, 100 mgkg-1) and ketamine (Ket) (0.

Anxiolytic-like effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract in zebrafish: Possible involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic pathways.

Pseudospondias microcarpa is used in ethnomedicine to manage central nervous system diseases. The hydroethanolic extract (PME) from the leaves of the plant has shown anxiolytic-like properties in mice anxiety models. However, its effects in chronic anxiety models and possible mechanism(s) of action were not studied.

Fast-onset effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract on behavioral alterations induced by chronic mild stress in mice.

Introduction: Pseudospondias microcarpa (Anacardiaceae) is a plant widely used traditionally for treating various central nervous system disorders. A previous study in our laboratory confirmed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract (PME) of the plant produces an antidepressant-like effect in rodent models of behavioral despair. However, its effect on depressive-like behavior induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) and its time course of action are still unknown.

Drug Disposal and Ecopharmacovigilance Practices in the Krowor Municipality, Ghana.

Introduction: The use of medicines is a ubiquitous practice for the management of healthcare conditions. In the delivery of healthcare, medicines may remain unused and may expire within the various stakeholders in the pharmaceutical value chain. If these unused and expired medicines are not disposed of properly, they may result in the concentration of pharmaceuticals in environmental media contaminating food sources for humans and animals.

Effect of Diclofenac and Andrographolide Combination on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema and Hyperalgesia in Rats.

Studies into drug combination at low doses are a promising approach to the management of pain and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-edema and anti-hyperalgesic effects of a combination of diclofenac and andrographolide. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were first treated with diclofenac or andrographolide alone (3-100 mg/kg), as well as a combination of the 2 drugs.

Predictors of medication nonadherence among hypertensive clients in a Ghanaian population: Application of the Hill-Bone and Perceived Barriers to Treatment Compliance Scale.

Background And Aim: Nonadherence to antihypertensive medication impairs optimal blood pressure and is influenced by multiple interrelating factors. Knowing the complexity of medication nonadherence and its associated factors is essential for intervention strategies. This study evaluated the predictors of medication nonadherence among hypertensive clients in a Ghanaian population.

Antinociceptive effects of a hydroethanolic stem bark extract of .

Introduction: Pain is a major symptom of many clinical disorders and its relief has long been a concern for individuals across the globe. There is therefore an unmet need to search for new efficacious agents for the effective management of pain. The stem bark of the savanna tree (Hook) (Family: Leguminosae) is used in the Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment and management of various pain-related diseases.

Neuropharmacological Assessment of the Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of (Ait). R. Br. (Apocynaceae) in Mice.

Background: has been widely used traditionally for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is also reportedly used in ethnomedicine for mental health disorders including epilepsy even in the absence of supporting scientific data. Thus, the potential of the plant to affect neurological functions was evaluated.

The Anticonvulsant Effect of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of (Ait) R. Br. (Apocynaceae).

A number of currently used drugs have been obtained from medicinal plants which are a major source of drugs. These drugs are either used in their pure form or modified to a semisynthetic drug. Drug discovery through natural product research has been fruitful over the years.

Antinociceptive effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. (Apocynaceae): Possible involvement of glutamatergic, cytokines, opioidergic and adenosinergic pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pain remains real and still a major problem in clinical medicine which requires new agents with improved efficacy for more therapeutic benefits. Plant sources can serve as a basis for the search for some novel drugs hence the analgesic effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Calotropis procera (CPE) which is widespread in Ghana and other tropical areas and used in folkloric medicine for painful and inflammatory conditions was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: The analgesic properties of orally administered CPE at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg were evaluated in thermal (tail immersion), chemical (acetic acid-writhing, formalin-induced paw licking, glutamate-induced nociception) and mechanical (Randall-Selitto) tests for analgesia.

Medicinal Plants with Prospective Benefits in the Management of Peptic Ulcer Diseases in Ghana.

Background: The growth or multiplication of harmful microorganisms in addition to harmful human activities has led to many disorders in humans. Consequently, there is a search for medications to treat these disorders. Interestingly, medicines of plant origin are known to be among the most attractive sources of new drugs and have shown promising results in the treatment of various diseases including peptic ulcers.

Evidence of an antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid mediated by serotonergic mechanisms.

Background: Depression causes significant debilitating symptoms and economic burden. Current management is challenged by slow onset of action and modest efficacies of antidepressants; thus, the search for newer antidepressants remains relevant. We evaluated the antidepressant effects of a kaurene diterpene, xylopic acid (XA), in zebrafish and mouse models.

Extract Depresses Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and Chemically-Induced Seizures in the Rat Hippocampus.

Extracts of the tropical Cinderella plant are used traditionally to manage convulsive conditions in the West African sub-region. This study sought to determine the neuronal basis of the effectiveness of these plant extracts to suppress seizure activity. Using the hippocampal slice preparation from rats, the ability of the extract to depress excitatory synaptic transmission and seizure activity were investigated.

Hydroethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Attenuates Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats.

Unlabelled: . The stem bark of the savanna tree (Hook) (family: Leguminosae) is used in the Ghanaian traditional medicine for the management of various pain-related diseases.

Objective: This study seeks to investigate the possible antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of the hydroethanolic stem bark extract of in a vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats.

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of DC. Stem Bark Extract in Mice.

Introduction: The stem bark extract of DC. (Capparaceae) is used as a traditional remedy for management of anxiety, psychosis, and epilepsy.

Aim Of The Study: We therefore aimed at evaluating the anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of the plant in mice models.

Albizia zygia root extract exhibits antipsychotic-like properties in murine models of schizophrenia.

Background: The root extract of Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F.

Antipleuritic and Vascular Permeability Inhibition of the Ethyl Acetate-Petroleum Ether Stem Bark Extract of DC (Capparaceae) in Murine.

has been used traditionally in the management of pain, arthritis, and rheumatism in Ghana and Nigeria but no scientific evidence is currently available to give credence to its folkloric use. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a stem bark extract of DC (MAE) in acute inflammatory models. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg) on neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in lung tissues and lung morphology were evaluated with the carrageenan induced pleurisy model in Sprague Dawley rats.

Toxicological Assessment of (A. Rich.) Engl. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract in Rats: Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Studies.

is used traditionally for treating various diseases. However, although parts of the plant are extensively used in African traditional medicine, no scientific study has been reported on its toxicity. Therefore, this study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of in rats.

DC. (Capparaceae) Stem Bark Extract Protects against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Oxidative Stress and Seizures in Rats.

Introduction: The stem bark of DC. (Capparaceae) is traditionally used for management of epilepsy. Our aim was to evaluate the antiseizure potential and identify possible mechanisms by which the effects are registered.

Anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson in murine models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson is a tropical medicinal plant used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. However, there is little scientific evidence to support its use.

An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac.

Background: Geraniin, a dehydroellagitannin, is a major component of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiaceae). Several Phyllanthus species are traditionally used for painful disorders.

Possible mechanisms involved in the anti-nociceptive effects of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Ziziphus abyssinica.

Context: Various parts of Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst ex. A. Rich (Rhamnaceae) have been used in Ghanaian and African traditional medicine as an analgesic.