Evaluation of Anti-Oxinflammatory and ACE-Inhibitory Properties of Protein Hydrolysates Obtained from Edible Non-Mulberry Silkworm Pupae and ).

Food-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) obtained from edible insect-protein hold multiple activities promising the potential to target complex pathological mechanisms responsible for chronic health conditions such as hypertension development. In this study, enzymatic protein hydrolysates from non-mulberry edible silkworm (Muga) and (Eri) pupae, specifically Alcalase ( and Papain () hydrolysates obtained after 60 and 240 min, exhibited the highest ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant properties. The hydrolysates' fractions (<3, 3-10 and >10 kDa), specifically Alc_M60min_F3 (≤3 kDa) and Pap_E240min_F3 (≤3 kDa), showed the highest antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities, respectively.

Cutaneous antimicrobial peptides: New "actors" in pollution related inflammatory conditions.

Ozone (O) exposure has been reported to contribute to various cutaneous inflammatory conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, rush etc. via a redox-inflammatory pathway. O is too reactive to penetrate cutaneous tissue; it interacts with lipids present in the outermost layer of skin, resulting in formation of oxidized molecules and hydrogen peroxide (HO).

Inflammasome Activation in Pollution-Induced Skin Conditions.

Exposure to air pollutants has been now associated with detrimental effects on a variety of organs, including the heart, lungs, GI tract, and brain. However, recently it has become clear that pollutant exposure can also promote the development/exacerbation of a variety of skin conditions, including premature aging, psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis. Although the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure results in these cutaneous pathological manifestations, it has been noticed that an inflammatory status is a common denominator of all those skin conditions.

Evaluating the effect of ozone in UV induced skin damage.

Air pollution represents one of the main risks for both environment and human health. The rapid urbanization has been leading to a continuous release of harmful manmade substances into the atmosphere which are associated to the exacerbation of several pathologies. The skin is the main barrier of our body against the external environment and it is the main target for the outdoor stressors.

SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 pathogenesis, and exposure to air pollution: What is the connection?

Exposure to air pollutants has been previously associated with respiratory viral infections, including influenza, measles, mumps, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Epidemiological studies have also suggested that air pollution exposure is associated with increased cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-associated mortality, although the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure affects viral infection and pathogenesis of COVID-19 remain unknown. In this review, we suggest potential molecular mechanisms that could account for this association.

Postexercise Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Production Mitigated by Flavonoid Supplementation in Cyclists.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling platforms of the innate immune system that detect markers of physiological stress and promote the maturation of caspase-1 and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, and gasdermin D. This randomized, cross-over trial investigated the influence of 2-week mixed flavonoid (FLAV) versus placebo (PL) supplementation on inflammasome activation and IL-1β and IL-18 production after 75-km cycling in 22 cyclists (42 ± 1.7 years).

Blueberry Extracts as a Novel Approach to Prevent Ozone-Induced Cutaneous Inflammasome Activation.

The World Health Organization estimates that 7 million people die every year due to pollution exposure. Among the different pollutants to which living organism are exposed, ozone (O) represents one of the most toxic, because its location which is the skin is one of the direct tissues exposed to the outdoor environment. Chronic exposure to outdoor stressors can alter cutaneous redox state resulting in the activation of inflammatory pathways.

KRIT1 as a possible new player in melanoma aggressiveness.

Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) is a scaffold protein known to form functional complexes with distinct proteins, including Malcavernin, PDCD10, Rap1 and others. It appears involved in several cellular signaling pathways and exerts a protective role against inflammation and oxidative stress. KRIT1 has been studied as a regulator of endothelial cell functions and represents a determinant in the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a cerebrovascular disease characterized by the formation of clusters of abnormally dilated and leaky blood capillaries, which predispose to seizures, neurological deficits and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Evaluation of oxidative damage and Nrf2 activation by combined pollution exposure in lung epithelial cells.

The lungs are one the main organs exposed to environmental pollutants, such as tropospheric ozone (O) and particulate matter (PM), which induce lung pathologies through similar mechanisms, resulting in altered redox homeostasis and inflammation. Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of these pollutants in the respiratory tract, there are only a few evidences that have evaluated the combined effects of outdoor stressors, despite the fact that humans are consistently exposed to more pollutants simultaneously. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether exposure to PM and O could have an additive, noxious effect in lung epithelial cells by measuring oxidative damage and the activity of redox-sensitive nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which is a master regulator of cellular antioxidant defenses.

Mechanisms involved in the unbalanced redox homeostasis in osteoblastic cellular model of Alkaptonuria.

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare metabolic disease correlated with the deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase and leading to an accumulation of the metabolite homogentisic acid (HGA) which can be subjected to oxidation and polymerization reactions. These events are considered a trigger for the induction of oxidative stress in AKU but, despite the large description of an altered redox status, the underlying pathogenetic processes are still unstudied. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the oxidative damage present in an osteoblast-based cellular model of AKU.

Particulate Matter Induces Tissue OxInflammation: From Mechanism to Damage.

Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are central hypothetical mechanisms for the adverse effects of airborne particulate matter (PM). Activation of inflammatory cells capable of generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is another proposed damage pathway. Understanding the interplay between these responses can help us understand the adverse health effects attributed to breathing polluted air.

Additive effect of combined pollutants to UV induced skin OxInflammation damage. Evaluating the protective topical application of a cosmeceutical mixture formulation.

Since the skin is one of the targets of the harmful effects of environmental insults, several studies have investigated the effects of outdoor stressors on cutaneous tissue. Ozone (O), particulate matter (PM), and ultraviolet radiation (UV) have all been shown to induce skin damage through disruption of tissue redox homeostasis, resulting in the so called "OxInflammation" condition. However, few studies have explored whether these stressors can act synergistically in cutaneous tissues.

The PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001 affects keratinocyte proliferation via cellular redox pathways.

Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and inflammation. Currently, there are no cures for this disease, so the goal of treatment is to decrease inflammation and slow down the associated rapid cell growth and shedding. Recent advances have led to the usage of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors for treatment of this condition.

Alterations of mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, and morphology support the theory of oxidative damage involvement in autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been hypothesized to be a result of the interplay between genetic predisposition and increased vulnerability to early environmental insults. Mitochondrial dysfunctions appear also involved in ASD pathophysiology, but the mechanisms by which such alterations develop are not completely understood. Here, we analyzed ASD primary fibroblasts by measuring mitochondrial bioenergetics, ultrastructural and dynamic parameters to investigate the hypothesis that defects in these pathways could be interconnected phenomena responsible or consequence for the redox imbalance observed in ASD.

Skin Health from the Inside Out.

The skin is the main interface between the body and the environment, providing a biological barrier against an array of chemical and physical pollutants (e.g., ultraviolet light, ozone, etc.

Redox regulation of cutaneous inflammasome by ozone exposure.

Several pollutants have been shown to affect skin physiology, among which ozone (O) is one of the most toxic. Prolonged exposure to O leads to increased oxidative damage and cutaneous inflammation. The correlation between O exposure and inflammatory cutaneous conditions (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and eczema) has been already suggested, although the mechanism involved is still unclear.

Mixed Flavonoid Supplementation Attenuates Postexercise Plasma Levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal and Protein Carbonyls in Endurance Athletes.

This double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized crossover trial investigated the influence of 2-week mixed flavonoid versus placebo supplementation on oxinflammation markers after a 75-km cycling time trial in 22 cyclists (42.3 ± 1.7 years).

Human Papillomavirus 16 E5 Inhibits Interferon Signaling and Supports Episomal Viral Maintenance.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect keratinocytes of stratified epithelia. Long-term persistence of infection is a critical risk factor for the development of HPV-induced malignancies. Through the actions of its oncogenes, HPV evades host immune responses to facilitate its productive life cycle.

Proinflammatory properties and oxidative effects of atmospheric particle components in human keratinocytes.

The skin is one of the main organs exposed to airborne particulate matter (PM), which may contain various pollutants linked to a wide range of adverse health endpoints. In the present work, we analyzed the proinflammatory and oxidative effects of some PM components leading to inflammatory responses, cell proliferation or cell death. We investigated four redox-active chemicals, such as Cu (II) metal and quinones generated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), i.

Suppression of Stromal Interferon Signaling by Human Papillomavirus 16.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect squamous epithelia and cause several important cancers. Immune evasion is critical for viral persistence. Fibroblasts in the stromal microenvironment provide growth signals and cytokines that are required for proper epithelial differentiation, maintenance, and immune responses and are critical in the development of many cancers.

Ozonated Oils and Cutaneous Wound Healing.

Wound tissue repair is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers. Improvement in this process is necessary to effectively treat several pathologies characterized by a chronic delayed wound closure, such as in diabetes, and the investigation of new approaches aimed to ameliorate the wound healing process is under continuous evolution. Recently, the usage of vegetable matrices in the form of ozonated oils has been proposed, and several researchers have shown positive effects on wound healing, due to the bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties of these ozonated oils.

Involvement of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in pollution-induced skin damage.

The effects of environmental insults on human health are a major global concern. Some of the most noxious pollutants that humans are exposed to include ozone (O ), particulate matter (PM), and cigarette smoke (CS). Since the skin is the first line of defense against environmental insults, it is considered one of the main target organs for the harmful insults of air pollution.

Involvement of cutaneous SR-B1 in skin lipid homeostasis.

Background: The main functions of the skin are to protect against environmental insults and prevent water loss, which are performed by the complex lipid- and protein matrix present in the outermost layers of the epithelium. The lipidome of these outer layers is mainly composed of ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol, which regulates keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier function. SR-B1 is a multifunctional scavenger receptor that is best known for facilitating uptake of cholesterol from HDL particles in the liver, but it is also expressed in the skin.

[Skin damage by tropospheric ozone].

Tropospheric (ground level) ozone (O) is a secondary pollutant, emerging from other pollutants in the sunshine. Exposure to O correlates with higher pulmonary and cardiovascular mortality and affects reproductive health and the central nervous system acutely and chronically. Skin might be a potentially overlooked target organ of ambient O.