Light-based manipulation of visual processing speed during soccer-specific training has a positive impact on visual and visuomotor abilities in professional soccer players.

This study was aimed at assessing the effects of a 6-week intervention within a training environment that uses special lighting conditions targeted to slow down the visual processing speed of visual and visuomotor performance in professional soccer players. Twenty-four soccer players (age = 21.8 ± 4.

Effects of gait modifications on tissue-level knee mechanics in individuals with medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis: A proof-of-concept study towards personalized interventions.

Gait modification is a common nonsurgical approach to alter the mediolateral distribution of knee contact forces, intending to decelerate or postpone the progression of mechanically induced knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Nevertheless, the success rate of these approaches is controversial, with no studies conducted to assess alterations in tissue-level knee mechanics governing cartilage degradation response in KOA patients undertaking gait modifications. Thus, here we investigated the effect of different conventional gait conditions and modifications on tissue-level knee mechanics previously suggested as indicators of collagen network damage, cell death, and loss of proteoglycans in knee cartilage.

Detection of laryngeal carcinoma during endoscopy using artificial intelligence.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the performance and application of a self-developed deep learning (DL) algorithm for the real-time localization and classification of both vocal cord carcinoma and benign vocal cord lesions.

Methods: The algorithm was trained and validated upon a dataset of videos and photos collected from our own department, as well as an open-access dataset named "Laryngoscope8".

Results: The algorithm correctly localizes and classifies vocal cord carcinoma on still images with a sensitivity between 71% and 78% and benign vocal cord lesions with a sensitivity between 70% and 82%.

Controversies in the management of active Charcot neuroarthropathy.

Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) was first described over 150 years ago. Despite this there remains uncertanity around the factors that contribute to its development, and progression. This article will discuss the current controversies around the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, assessment and management of the condition.

A randomised feasibility study of serial magnetic resonance imaging to reduce treatment times in Charcot neuroarthropathy in people with diabetes (CADOM).

Aim: This study aims to explore the feasibility of using serial MRI without contrast in the monitoring of Charcot neuroarthropathy to reduce duration of immobilisation of the foot, in order to decide whether a large-scale trial is warranted.

Methods: A multicentre, randomised, prospective, two arm, open, feasibility study (CADOM) of people with diabetes with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of Charcot neuroarthropathy. Participants were randomised (1:1) to 'standard care plus', including repeated foot temperature measurements and X-rays, or the intervention arm, with additional three-monthly MRI, until remission of Charcot neuroarthropathy or a maximum 12 months (active phase).

Knowledge about foot-specific foot falls risk factors and exercise among physiotherapists in the UK and Portugal: A cross-sectional survey.

Background And Purpose: Foot-related falls risk factors and specific foot and ankle exercise interventions are within the scope of Physiotherapy, yet little is known about United Kingdom (UK) and Portugal-based (PT) physiotherapists' self-perceived knowledge, confidence and practice of such interventions, or perceptions of patients' falls prevention knowledge. The purpose of this study was to assess levels of self-reported knowledge, confidence, and practices surrounding foot-specific falls risk and exercise for fall prevention in physiotherapists working in the UK and in Portugal. It also aimed to explore physiotherapists' views about their participants' falls prevention knowledge.

Gait rehabilitation for foot and ankle impairments in early rheumatoid arthritis: a feasibility study of a new gait rehabilitation programme (GREAT Strides).

Background: Foot impairments in early rheumatoid arthritis are common and lead to progressive deterioration of lower limb function. A gait rehabilitation programme underpinned by psychological techniques to improve adherence, may preserve gait and lower limb function. This study evaluated the feasibility of a novel gait rehabilitation intervention (GREAT Strides) and a future trial.

The effect of foot orthoses on gait biomechanics and pain among people with rheumatoid arthritis: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Foot pain is frequent among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Foot orthoses (FO) are commonly prescribed with the intention to reduce pain symptoms and improve function.

Research Question: How do a custom-made FO affect pain, gait biomechanics and daily activity among people with RA?

Methods: Twenty-five participants with RA and foot pain completed this quasi-experimental study using a control insole for four weeks and then a custom-made FO in the following four weeks.

A qualitative study to understand people's experiences of living with Charcot neuroarthropathy.

Aims: Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a complication of neuropathy, in people with diabetes. Treatment requires the prolonged wearing of an offloading device, which can be challenging. The importance of understanding people's perspectives for promoting their engagement in self management is well known.

Different types of foot orthoses effect on gait mechanics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Foot orthoses are a first line conservative treatment for foot impairments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however their effect on gait mechanics is poorly understood. We aimed to compare changes in lower limb and foot mechanics between two types of commonly used foot orthoses (FO) with a control. Twenty-seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis participated in this crossover study.

Plantar soft tissues and Achilles tendon thickness and stiffness in people with diabetes: a systematic review.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with changes in soft tissue structure and function. However, the directionality of this change and the extent to which either tissue thickness or stiffness contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes-related foot ulcerations is unclear. Hence, this systematic review aims to summarise the existing evidence for soft tissue structural differences in the feet of people with and without diabetes.

Association of peripheral artery disease and chronic limb-threatening ischemia with socioeconomic deprivation in people with diabetes: A population data-linkage and geospatial analysis.

The association between the prevalence and geographical distribution of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in patients with diabetes in the context of socioeconomic deprivation is not well understood. We undertook a retrospective cohort study of 76,307 people with diabetes admitted as a hospital inpatient in a large Scottish health administrative area. Utilising linked health records, we identified diagnoses of PAD and/or CLTI and their distribution using small area cartography techniques according to multiple deprivation maps.

´Feet are second class citizens`: exploring the perceptions of Scottish and Portuguese older adults about feet, falls and exercise- a qualitative study.

Introduction: Foot problems are likely to contribute to falls risk in older adults. Foot and ankle exercises may be beneficial, but uptake may be influenced by cultural factors. Few studies have explored the views of older adults from different cultural backgrounds about foot-specific falls risk factors, and foot and ankle falls prevention exercises.

Foot ulcer recurrence, plantar pressure and footwear adherence in people with diabetes and Charcot midfoot deformity: A cohort analysis.

Aims: To investigate people with Charcot midfoot deformity with regard to plantar pressure, footwear adherence and plantar foot ulcer recurrence.

Methods: Twenty people with diabetes, Charcot midfoot deformity, plantar foot ulcer history and custom-made footwear were assessed with regard to barefoot and in-shoe plantar pressures during walking, footwear adherence (% of daily steps over 7-day period) and plantar foot ulcer recurrence over 18 months. In a cohort design, they were compared to 118 people without Charcot foot (non-Charcot foot group) with custom-made footwear and similar ulcer risk factors.

A randomised feasibility study of serial magnetic resonance imaging to reduce treatment times in Charcot neuroarthropathy in people with diabetes (CADOM): a protocol.

Background: Charcot neuroarthropathy is a complication of peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes which most frequently affects the lower limb. It can cause fractures and dislocations within the foot, which may progress to deformity and ulceration. Recommended treatment is immobilisation and offloading, with a below knee non-removable cast or boot.

Measuring Inflammatory Foot Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Development and Validation of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Disease Activity Index-5.

Objective: Omission of foot joints from composite global disease activity indices may lead to underestimation of foot and overall disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and under-treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Foot Disease Activity Index-5 (RADAI-F5), a newly developed patient-reported outcome measure for capturing foot disease activity in people with RA.

Methods: Participants with RA self-completed the RADAI-F5, modified Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (mRADAI-5), Foot Function Index (FFI), and Foot Impact Scale (FIS) impairment/footwear and activity/participation subscales.

Sex- and osteoarthritis-related differences in muscle co-activation during weight-bearing tasks.

Background: Individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) demonstrate impairments in muscle function (i.e. muscle weakness, high muscle co-activation believed to have detrimental effects on joint integrity).

Systematic review of techniques to monitor remission of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy in people with diabetes.

Aim: The management of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy relies on off-loading which is costly and time-consuming. Published studies have used monitoring techniques with unknown diagnostic precision to detect remission. We performed a systematic review of techniques for monitoring response to offloading in acute Charcot neuroarthropathy.

Exhaust emissions from diesel engines fueled by different blends with the addition of nanomodifiers and hydrotreated vegetable oil HVO.

Diesel emissions have a significant impact on the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution, smog and global warming. As a result, diesel exhaust is dangerous to human health. While emissions reduction efforts have often focused on changing engine design or improving aftertreatment, diesel fuel modifications can also play an important role in improving engine efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions.

Effect of high nucleated cell concentration on product viability and hematopoietic recovery in autologous transplantation.

Background: Administering lower total product volumes with high nucleated cell (NC) concentrations may have the potential benefit of decreasing volume- and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-related patient complications, while maximizing the laboratory's freezer storage capacity. Our study is a retrospective investigation of the effect of HPC(A) products with cell concentrations greater than 3 × 10  NC/mL on clinical and product outcomes in patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation.

Study Design And Methods: A total of 113 consecutive patients with hematological malignancies who underwent autologous PBSC transplantation were included in this retrospective analysis.

The future for diabetic foot ulcer prevention: A paradigm shift from stratified healthcare towards personalized medicine.

Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers is important to reduce the burden of diabetic foot disease. However, we found that ulcer prevention is underexposed in research and clinical practice. Barriers to explain this are seen in patient's goal-setting; in the lack of interdisciplinary teams for ulcer prevention; in sample sizes and funding for research; in industrial engagement; and in limited understanding of ulcer development.

Geospatial mapping and data linkage uncovers variability in outcomes of foot disease according to multiple deprivation: a population cohort study of people with diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Our aim was to investigate the geospatial distribution of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU), lower extremity amputation (LEA) and mortality rates in people with diabetes in small geographical areas with varying levels of multiple deprivation.

Methods: We undertook a population cohort study to extract the health records of 112,231 people with diabetes from the Scottish Care Information - Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-Diabetes) database. We linked this to health records to identify death, LEA and DFU events.

Evaluation of a 10 nm Particle Number Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS).

On-board portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are part of the type approval, in-service conformity, and market surveillance aspects of the European exhaust emissions regulation. Currently, only solid particles >23 nm are counted, but Europe will introduce a lower limit of 10 nm. In this study, we evaluated a 10-nm prototype portable system comparing it with laboratory systems measuring diesel, gasoline, and CNG (compressed natural gas) vehicles with emission levels ranging from approximately 2 × 10 to 2 × 10 #/km.

Gait alteration strategies for knee osteoarthritis: a comparison of joint loading via generic and patient-specific musculoskeletal model scaling techniques.

Gait modifications and laterally wedged insoles are non-invasive approaches used to treat medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. However, the outcome of these alterations is still a controversial topic. This study investigates how gait alteration techniques may have a unique effect on individual patients; and furthermore, the way we scale our musculoskeletal models to estimate the medial joint contact force may influence knee loading conditions.