Industry payments to academic neurosurgeons in 2021: an open payments cross-sectional analysis.

Objective: The Open Payments Program (OPP) was a database started in 2013 by the US government to report payments made by the medical device and pharmaceutical industry to physicians. Neurosurgery is a technologically advanced field that relies heavily on the latest innovations for complex treatment of its patient population. This study sought to explore the financial relationship between academic neurosurgeons and the industry.

#4Corners4Health Social Media Cancer Prevention Campaign for Emerging Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Stepped-Wedge Trial.

Background: Many emerging adults (EAs) are prone to making unhealthy choices, which increase their risk of premature cancer morbidity and mortality. In the era of social media, rigorous research on interventions to promote health behaviors for cancer risk reduction among EAs delivered over social media is limited. Cancer prevention information and recommendations may reach EAs more effectively over social media than in settings such as health care, schools, and workplaces, particularly for EAs residing in rural areas.

Professional Development to Improve Responsible Beverage Service Training: Formative Research Results and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Improved interventions are needed to reduce the rate of driving while intoxicated. Responsible beverage service (RBS) training has reduced service to intoxicated patrons in licensed premises in several studies. Its efficacy might be improved by increasing the proper application and continued use of RBS with a professional development program in the 3 to 5 years between the required RBS retraining.

Does Extended Reality Simulation Improve Surgical/Procedural Learning and Patient Outcomes When Compared With Standard Training Methods?: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The use of extended reality (XR) technologies, including virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, has increased within surgical and procedural training programs. Few studies have assessed experiential learning- and patient-based outcomes using XR compared with standard training methods.

Methods: As a working group for the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and a PICO strategy to perform a systematic review of 4238 articles to assess the effectiveness of XR technologies compared with standard training methods.

Serving Alcohol to an "Obviously Intoxicated" Patron.

Objective: Alcohol overservice at on-premises establishments is associated with driving while intoxicated, violence, and other harms. This study examined rates of alcohol overservice and service refusal among licensed on-premises establishments in northern California and characteristics of establishments, servers, and pseudo-patrons (PPs) that may be associated with service refusal.

Method: In 2022, 300 licensed on-premises establishments were sampled in nine counties representing the San Francisco Bay Area.

Impact of Obesity on Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality.

Aim: To investigate the impact of obesity on postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Material And Methods: The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) files from 2006 to 2019 were queried for all patients who underwent an ACDF. Fisher exact tests were used in analyzing univariate differences in preoperative comorbidities and postoperative morbidity and mortality between patients with and without obesity (BMI ?30 kg/ m < sup > 2 < /sup > ).

The Process of Responding to COVID-19 Misinformation in a Social Media Feed.

Misinformation can undermine public health recommendations. Our team evaluated a 9-week social media campaign promoting COVID-19 prevention to mothers (n = 303) of teen daughters in January-March 2021. We implemented an epidemiological model for monitoring, diagnosing, and responding quickly to misinformation from mothers.

Promoting Social Distancing and COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions to Mothers: Randomized Comparison of Information Sources in Social Media Messages.

Background: Social media disseminated information and spread misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic that affected prevention measures, including social distancing and vaccine acceptance.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to test the effect of a series of social media posts promoting COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccine intentions and compare effects among 3 common types of information sources: government agency, near-peer parents, and news media.

Methods: A sample of mothers of teen daughters (N=303) recruited from a prior trial were enrolled in a 3 (information source) × 4 (assessment period) randomized factorial trial from January to March 2021 to evaluate the effects of information sources in a social media campaign addressing NPIs (ie, social distancing), COVID-19 vaccinations, media literacy, and mother-daughter communication about COVID-19.

Robot Operating System 2: Design, architecture, and uses in the wild.

The next chapter of the robotics revolution is well underway with the deployment of robots for a broad range of commercial use cases. Even in a myriad of applications and environments, there exists a common vocabulary of components that robots share-the need for a modular, scalable, and reliable architecture; sensing; planning; mobility; and autonomy. The Robot Operating System (ROS) was an integral part of the last chapter, demonstrably expediting robotics research with freely available components and a modular framework.

Vacteens.org: A Mobile Web app to Improve HPV Vaccine Uptake.

U.S. HPV vaccine uptake remains below the Healthy People 2030 goal of 80% series completion.

Learning curve for completely thoracoscopic anatomic sublobar resection.

Background: Minimally invasive anatomic sublobar resection is increasingly being considered as an alternative to lobectomy in selected cases. However, this remains a technically challenging procedure and only 5 studies evaluating learning curves have been published to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate a single surgeon's learning curve for completely thoracoscopic anatomic sublobar resection.

Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention (Smart Choices 4 Teens) for Facilitating Parent-Adolescent Communication About Relationships and Sexuality: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There is a need for interventions that promote healthy decision making among adolescents and leverage the ongoing impact of parental relationships through older adolescence and young adulthood. These interventions should maximize adolescent engagement and be easily accessible to families in terms of cost, duration, and logistics related to participation.

Objective: This study aims to test the efficacy of the healthy relationships and sexual decision-making component of a web-based intervention for older adolescents and their parents, ascertain whether the efficacy varies by gender, and assess its efficacy over time.

Retrospective Analysis of the Risk Factors of Peri-implantitis.

Aim And Objective: Peri-implantitis is a key concern for dental implants and the main common reason for implant failure. This investigation evaluated the risk factors and their implications on peri-implantitis.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective search of the patients' clinical notes was performed to identify the documented cases of peri-implantitis.

Randomized Trial Testing an Online Responsible Vendor Training in Recreational Marijuana Stores in the United States.

Objective: An online training in responsible marijuana vendor (RMV) practices was evaluated for effects on compliance with ID checking regulations.

Method: A random sample of state-licensed recreational marijuana stores (n = 175) in Colorado and Washington State was selected in 2016-2017 and was enrolled in a randomized pretest-posttest controlled design. After baseline assessment, 75 stores were randomly assigned to a usual and customary training control group, stratified by state and region.

An overview and critique of the use of cumulative sum methods with surgical learning curve data.

Cumulative sum (CUSUM) plots and methods have wide-ranging applications in healthcare. We review and discuss some issues related to the analysis of surgical learning curve (LC) data with a focus on three types of CUSUM statistical approaches. The underlying assumptions, benefits, and weaknesses of each approach are given.

Sales to apparently alcohol-intoxicated customers and online responsible vendor training in recreational cannabis stores in a randomized trial.

Background: In some U.S. states, laws prohibit sales of recreational marijuana to intoxicated customers to prevent associated harms.

Prevention of alcohol use in older teens: A randomized trial of an online family prevention program.

This study examines effects of a randomized controlled trial for an online, family-based prevention program for older teens, Smart Choices 4 Teens, on alcohol use and related outcomes. Families (N = 411; teen age M = 16.4, SD = 0.

The effect of temporal aggregation level in social network monitoring.

Social networks have become ubiquitous in modern society, which makes social network monitoring a research area of significant practical importance. Social network data consist of social interactions between pairs of individuals that are temporally aggregated over a certain interval of time, and the level of such temporal aggregation can have substantial impact on social network monitoring. There have been several studies on the effect of temporal aggregation in the process monitoring literature, but no studies on the effect of temporal aggregation in social network monitoring.

Results of a Randomized Trial of Web-Based Retail Onsite Responsible Beverage Service Training: WayToServe.

Objective: Research in Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) training indicates that such training can prevent over-service of alcohol and reduce drunk driving. However, reviews of the RBS literature suggest that the quality of training methods and the stability of implementation are important factors in determining RBS training effectiveness. Most RBS classes have been taught live, where the quality of instruction varies across instructors and classes, and the stability of the implementation of an RBS curriculum is variable.

Implementation and Effectiveness of an Online Responsible Vendor Training Program for Recreational Marijuana Stores in Colorado, Oregon, and Washington State.

Context: Six US states have implemented retail sales of recreational marijuana. Training in responsible sales practices has been effective in the alcohol market. An online responsible marijuana vendor (RMV) training was produced and implemented with stores in a randomized trial.

Predictive Low-Glucose Suspend Reduces Hypoglycemia in Adults, Adolescents, and Children With Type 1 Diabetes in an At-Home Randomized Crossover Study: Results of the PROLOG Trial.

Objective: This study evaluated a new insulin delivery system designed to reduce insulin delivery when trends in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) glucose concentrations predict future hypoglycemia.

Research Design And Methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes ( = 103, age 6-72 years, mean HbA 7.3% [56 mmol/mol]) participated in a 6-week randomized crossover trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Tandem Diabetes Care t:slim X2 pump with Basal-IQ integrated with a Dexcom G5 sensor and a predictive low-glucose suspend algorithm (PLGS) compared with sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy.

Can long-term historical data from electronic medical records improve surveillance for epidemics of acute respiratory infections? A systematic evaluation.

Background: As the deployment of electronic medical records (EMR) expands, so is the availability of long-term datasets that could serve to enhance public health surveillance. We hypothesized that EMR-based surveillance systems that incorporate seasonality and other long-term trends would discover outbreaks of acute respiratory infections (ARI) sooner than systems that only consider the recent past.

Methods: We simulated surveillance systems aimed at discovering modeled influenza outbreaks injected into backgrounds of patients with ARI.