Individual-specific strategies inform category learning.

Categorization is an essential task for sensory perception. Individuals learn category labels using a variety of strategies to ensure that sensory signals, such as sounds or images, can be assigned to proper categories. Categories are often learned on the basis of extreme examples, and the boundary between categories can differ among individuals.

The engagement of healthcare providers in implementing the selfBACK randomised controlled trial - A mixed-methods process evaluation.

Background: People with low back pain (LBP) are often recommended to self-manage their condition, but it can be challenging without support. Digital health interventions (DHIs) have shown promise in supporting self-management of LBP, but little is known about healthcare providers' (HCPs) engagement in implementing these.

Aims: We aimed to examine HCPs' engagement in patient recruitment for the selfBACK app clinical trial and explore their perceptions of the app.

Integrative Oncology: Incorporating Evidence-Based Approaches for Patients With GI Cancers.

Data have matured to support incorporation of integrative oncology modalities into comprehensive cancer care. Clinical practice guidelines have recently been published by ASCO for diet and exercise (2022) and use of cannabinoids and cannabis (2024) and jointly by ASCO and the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) for application of integrative approaches in the management of pain (2022), anxiety and depression (2023), and fatigue (2024) among adults with cancer. Following the ASCO-SIO guidelines, clinicians should recommend mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to patients with symptoms of anxiety or depression and MBIs and exercise for management of fatigue during or after completion of cancer treatment.

Individual-specific strategies inform category learning.

Categorization is an essential task for sensory perception. Individuals learn category labels using a variety of strategies to ensure that sensory signals, such as sounds or images, can be assigned to proper categories. Categories are often learned on the basis of extreme examples, and the boundary between categories can differ among individuals.

 (Rutaceae), a new tree species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands.

A newly-discovered endemic tree species of from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands, is described and illustrated with notes on its distribution, ecology, conservation status and phylogenetic placement. A modification to the existing key to Hawaiian is also provided. is a member of Stone's group having carpels connate at base, capsules 4-lobed and leaves usually opposite.

Dynamic collateral sensitivity profiles highlight opportunities and challenges for optimizing antibiotic treatments.

As failure rates for traditional antimicrobial therapies escalate, recent focus has shifted to evolution-based therapies to slow resistance. Collateral sensitivity-the increased susceptibility to one drug associated with evolved resistance to a different drug-offers a potentially exploitable evolutionary constraint, but the manner in which collateral effects emerge over time is not well understood. Here, we use laboratory evolution in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis to phenotypically characterize collateral profiles through evolutionary time.

Antigen-antibody complex density and antibody-induced HLA protein unfolding influence Fc-mediated antibody effector function.

Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) targeting mismatched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are one of the principal threats to long-term graft survival in solid organ transplantation. However, many patients with long-term circulating DSAs do not manifest rejection responses, suggesting a degree of heterogeneity in their pathogenicity and related functional activity. Immunologic risk stratification of transplant recipients is complicated by challenges intrinsic to defining alloantibody responses that are potentially pathogenic versus those that are not.

Warfarin Versus Non-Vitamin K Inhibitors Medications and Cognitive Disease Progression in Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive decline. Use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) medications offers a lower risk of dementia, but it is unclear whether differences exist between types of OAC agents.

Objective: This was a secondary analysis to explore whether the progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment to dementia differs between adults with AF on warfarin versus non-vitamin K inhibitors medications (NOACs) using data extracted from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center clinical case series.

Regulatory T cell therapy is associated with distinct immune regulatory lymphocytic infiltrates in kidney transplants.

Background: Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells (Tregs) is a promising therapeutic strategy aimed at enabling immunosuppression minimization following kidney transplantation. In our phase 1 clinical trial of Treg therapy in living donor renal transplantation, the ONE Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02129881), we observed focal lymphocytic infiltrates in protocol kidney transplant biopsies that are not regularly seen in biopsies of patients receiving standard immunosuppression.

Effect of Olanzapine on Hyperemesis Gravidarum in Individuals With Mood Disorders: A Case Series.

This case series examines the effect of olanzapine on symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum in individuals with mood disorders. Patient charts from 2022 to 2024 were reviewed, focusing on those with hyperemesis gravidarum who were treated with olanzapine alone or with other psychotropic drugs for their mood disorder. Of 6 patients with hyperemesis gravidarum, 3 had bipolar II disorder, and the others had major depressive disorder.

Feasibility and efficacy of home-based lymphedema exercises for head and neck cancer patients at a safety net hospital.

Purpose: Lymphedema therapy is an effective tool in mitigating head and neck lymphedema morbidity and long-term fibrosis. Studies have shown the efficacy of facility-based therapy; however, access can be limited by sociodemographic factors, including socioeconomic status and transportation. This study evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of home-based lymphedema therapy in a socially vulnerable patient population.

Western Diet and Inflammatory Mechanisms in African American Adults With Heart Failure.

Background: Black adults have a higher risk for heart failure (HF) than others, which may be related to higher cardiovascular risk factors and also inflammatory dietary patterns. The Western diet is associated with inflammation and contributes to HF. Trimethylamine N-oxide is a diet-linked metabolite that contributes to inflammation and is associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, especially in HF populations.

Spatial population dynamics of bacterial colonies with social antibiotic resistance.

Unlabelled: Bacteria frequently inhabit surface-attached communities where rich "social" interactions can significantly alter their population-level behavior, including their response to antibiotics. Understanding these collective effects in spatially heterogeneous communities is an ongoing challenge. Here, we investigated the spatial organization that emerges from antibiotic exposure in initially randomly distributed communities containing antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive strains of , an opportunistic pathogen.

Machine Learning-Based Identification of High-Risk Patterns in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Outcomes.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of cardiac arrhythmias, often leading to serious health issues such as stroke, heart failure, and higher mortality rates. Its global impact is rising due to aging populations and growing comorbidities, creating an urgent need for more effective treatment methods. AF ablation, a key treatment option, has success rates that vary widely among patients.

Linking spatial drug heterogeneity to microbial growth dynamics in theory and experiment.

Diffusion and migration play pivotal roles in microbial communities - shaping, for example, colonization in new environments and the maintenance of spatial structures of biodiversity. While previous research has extensively studied free diffusion, such as range expansion, there remains a gap in understanding the effects of biologically or physically deleterious confined environments. In this study, we examine the interplay between migration and spatial drug heterogeneity within an experimental meta-community of .

Resurrection of (Pentaphylacaceae), endemic to Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands.

Kobuski (Pentaphylacaceae), a dioecious shrub endemic to Kaua'i, is resurrected from synonymy with A. Gray. is distributed in montane mesic to wet forests in central and northwestern Kaua'i.

PKN2 is a dependency of the mesenchymal-like cancer cell state.

Cancer cells exploit a mesenchymal-like transcriptional state (MLS) to survive drug treatments. Although the MLS is well characterized, few therapeutic vulnerabilities targeting this program have been identified. Here, we systematically identify the dependency network of mesenchymal-like cancers through an analysis of gene essentiality scores in ~800 cancer cell lines, nominating a poorly studied kinase, PKN2, as a top therapeutic target of the MLS.

Distinct Inhibitory Neurons Differently Shape Neuronal Codes for Sound Intensity in the Auditory Cortex.

Cortical circuits contain multiple types of inhibitory neurons which shape how information is processed within neuronal networks. Here, we asked whether somatostatin-expressing (SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) inhibitory neurons have distinct effects on population neuronal responses to noise bursts of varying intensities. We optogenetically stimulated SST or VIP neurons while simultaneously measuring the calcium responses of populations of hundreds of neurons in the auditory cortex (AC) of male and female awake, head-fixed mice to sounds.

Cardiometabolic characteristics of weight cycling: results from a mid-South regional comprehensive health care system.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the unique clinical and cardiometabolic risk characteristics of weight-cyclers and identify differences between weight-cyclers and individuals with other weight-change trajectories.

Methods: A deidentified database of 1,428,204 Vanderbilt University Medical Center patients from 1997 to 2020 was included based on having ≥5 years of recorded weights. Patients with a history of malignant neoplasm, bariatric surgery, implausible BMI (e.

Oncogenic HRAS Induces Metformin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer by Promoting Glycolytic Metabolism.

Metformin administration has recently emerged as a candidate strategy for the prevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the intricate relationship between genetic alterations in HNSCC and metformin sensitivity is still poorly understood, which prevents the stratification of patients, harboring oral premalignant lesions that may benefit from the chemopreventive activity of metformin. In this study, we investigate the impact of prevalent mutations in HNSCC on response to metformin.

Confined bicontinuous microemulsions: nanoscale dynamics of the surfactant film.

A confined bicontinuous CE-DO--octane microemulsion is studied using neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE). Controlled pore glasses serve as confining matrices with pore diameters ranging from 24 to 112 nm. Firstly, the microemulsion in bulk is investigated by NSE and dynamic light scattering, which allows the determination of the unperturbed collective dynamics as well as the observation of the undulation of the surfactant film.

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs 2024 Annual Report: Focus on Outcomes in Younger Patients.

The 15th Annual Report from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support includes 29,634 continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices from the 10-year period between 2014 and 2024. The outcomes reported here demonstrate continued improved survival in the current era of fully magnetically levitated devices, with a significantly higher 1-year (85.7% vs 78.

 (Caryophyllaceae), an enigmatic new species from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands and the first species discovered by a drone collection system.

During a survey by the National Tropical Botanical Garden drone team, an enigmatic was observed in December 2021on steep, rocky cliff faces of the Waiahulu Valley in the Waimea Canyon of Kaua'i. Subsequently, another survey was conducted in March 2022 and, by use of a remotely controlled cutting device suspended below the drone, the first herbarium specimen was collected, as well as a seed collection of an undescribed cliff-dwelling species of . Detailed study of the collections and plants grown at the University of California, Irvine greenhouse showed that it had enlarged, somewhat whitish sepals similar to those of cliff-dwelling (the sole species in sect.

Renal transplant nephrolithiasis: Presentation, management and follow-up with control comparisons.

Objectives: To analyse the presentation, management and long-term outcomes of renal transplant patients who formed kidney stones in their allograft. The secondary aim was to identify risk factors for stone formation in this cohort.

Materials And Methods: Patient information from an institutional renal transplant database was used to identify individuals who both did and did not form kidney stones following renal transplantation.