Family physicians' perspectives on outcomes, processes, and policies in dementia care.

The rapid rise in numbers of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) poses major challenges to health systems and policy. Although primary care clinicians provide ongoing medical care for 80% of affected individuals, they face persistent barriers to providing high-quality dementia care. We conducted qualitative interviews with family physicians ( = 20) to understand what core outcomes they consider most important and what care processes and systems and policy strategies they propose to achieve them.

DNA and spores from coprolites reveal that colourful truffle-like fungi endemic to New Zealand were consumed by extinct moa (Dinornithiformes).

Mycovores (animals that consume fungi) are important for fungal spore dispersal, including ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi symbiotic with forest-forming trees. As such, fungi and their symbionts may be impacted by mycovore extinction. New Zealand (NZ) has a diversity of unusual, colourful, endemic sequestrate (truffle-like) fungi, most of which are ECM.

Child Maltreatment Evaluations Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.

Objectives: In children admitted after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), this study 1) determines the proportion that undergo: physical abuse and toxin exposure evaluation, child protection team (CPT) consultation, and child protective services (CPS) referral, and 2) evaluates the association between demographic, social, clinical characteristics with CPT consultation and CPS referral.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted of children < 4 years old admitted following an OHCA between November 2012 and February 2023. Associations between demographics, caregiver social risk factors, and clinical characteristics with CPT consultation and CPS referral were examined using logistic regression.

Real-world analysis of acamprosate use in patients with cirrhosis and alcohol-associated hepatitis.

Objective: Preventing return to alcohol is of critical importance for patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and/or alcohol-associated hepatitis. Acamprosate is a widely used treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We assessed the impact of acamprosate prescription in patients with advanced liver disease on abstinence rates and clinical outcomes.

Clinical characteristics associated with cervical hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs.

Background: Clinical characteristics of cervical hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE) in dogs compared to other causes of cervical myelopathy are not well described.

Hypothesis/objectives: To evaluate for clinical characteristics and mechanical ventilation likelihood associated with HNPE compared to other causes of cervical myelopathy.

Animals: Three hundred seventy-seven client-owned dogs from 2010 to 2022.

SIV Env RhmAbs + N-803 at ART initiation prolongs viral decay without disrupting reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant macaques.

The latent viral reservoir remains the major barrier to HIV cure, placing the burden of strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on people living with HIV to prevent recrudescence of viremia. For infants with perinatally acquired HIV, adherence is anticipated to be a lifelong need. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of ART and viral Envelope-specific rhesus-derived IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (RhmAbs) with or without the IL-15 superagonist N-803 early in infection would limit viral reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques.

Nuclear and mitochondrial genome assemblies for the endangered wood-decaying fungus Somion occarium.

Somion occarium is a wood-decaying bracket fungus belonging to an order known to be rich in useful chemical compounds. Despite its widespread distribution, S. occarium has been assessed as endangered on at least one national Red List, presumably due to loss of old-growth forest habitat.

Dissociable roles of central striatum and anterior lateral motor area in initiating and sustaining naturalistic behavior.

Understanding how corticostriatal circuits mediate behavioral selection and initiation in a naturalistic setting is critical to understanding behavior choice and execution in unconstrained situations. The central striatum (CS) is well poised to play an important role in these spontaneous processes. Using fiber photometry and optogenetics, we identify a role for CS in grooming initiation.

Autoregulation of the glial gene reversed polarity in Drosophila.

During development, cells of the nervous system begin as unspecified precursors and proceed along one of two developmental paths to become either neurons or glia. Work in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has established the role of the transcription factor Glial cells missing (Gcm) in directing neuronal precursor cells to assume a glial cell fate. Gcm acts on many target genes, one of which is reversed polarity (repo).

Impact of a Community-Based Health Intervention on Health Knowledge, Lifestyle Goals, Dietary Practices, and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Multisite Cohort Study.

Studies on the effectiveness of community-based health interventions (CBHIs) in improving lifestyle practices among older adults are limited. This study evaluated the impact of a CBHI on health knowledge, lifestyle goal attainment, and practices among older adults in Singapore. Older adults (aged ≥60 years) were recruited from 29 senior recreation centres to participate in the "Wise and Well" programme, a 3-month CBHI designed to empower individuals to make healthier lifestyle choices.

Identifying fatal poisonings using child fatality review, poison centre and death certificate data in the USA.

Background: Three sources used for poisoning surveillance-child fatality reviews (CFRs), poison centre (PC) calls and death certificates-employ disparate data methodologies. Our study objectives were to (1) characterise the number of fatalities captured by CFRs and PC data compared with death certificates by age and (2) compare demographic and substance characteristics of fatalities captured by the three sources.

Methods: We acquired CFR data from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS), PC calls from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) and death certificate data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) on poisoning fatalities among children 0-17 years old between 2005 and 2020.

Comparative species delimitation of a biological conservation icon.

The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 set a precedent for biodiversity conservation across the globe. A key requirement of protections afforded by the ESA is the accurate delimitation of imperiled species. We present a comparative reference-based taxonomic approach to species delimitation that integrates genomic and morphological data for objectively assessing the distinctiveness of species targeted for protection by governmental agencies.

An assessment of bacterial transmission via rebound tonometry: An pilot study.

Background: Bacterial contamination of medical equipment is a significant risk in both human and veterinary medicine, leading to potential cross-contamination between clinicians, technicians, patients, and healthcare professionals. Pathogens can persist on surfaces, resulting in healthcare-associated infections. Tonometry used to measure intraocular pressure for diagnosing conditions like glaucoma and uveitis, is crucial in both human and veterinary care.

Estimating the cost-effectiveness of maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination in Australia: A dynamic and economic modelling analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory illness, with younger infants at greatest risk of hospitalisation. With the recent approval of a maternal RSV vaccine in Australia, it is timely to evaluate its potential costs and health benefits in Australia.

Methods: We applied an integrated dynamic and economic evaluation model to estimate specific outcomes of RSV disease and the cost-effectiveness of a year-round maternal RSV vaccination program in Australia.

A feasibility study on the virtual adaptation of Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care.

Childhood behavioral problems are common; despite evidence that parenting interventions improve outcomes, the use of these programs is limited. Virtual delivery may ameliorate attendance barriers, but little is known on the acceptability and feasibility of virtual group parenting interventions. This mixed-methods study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of the virtual delivery of a parenting intervention, Child Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care (PriCARE) among 18 caregivers and 8 facilitators.

Development and validation of the Transgender Adolescent Stress Survey-Minority Stress (TASS-MS).

Objective: This study aimed to create and validate a novel measure of gender-related minority stress in transgender and non-binary adolescents (TNBA). TNBA face higher risks of varied behavioral health concerns compared to their cisgender peers, a disparity often attributed to the presence of minority stress due to discrimination. To date, no comprehensive measures of gender-related minority stress exist for use with TNBA.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly and de novo annotation of Alopecurus aequalis.

Alopecurus aequalis is a winter annual or short-lived perennial bunchgrass which has in recent years emerged as the dominant agricultural weed of barley and wheat in certain regions of China and Japan, causing significant yield losses. Its robust tillering capacity and high fecundity, combined with the development of both target and non-target-site resistance to herbicides means it is a formidable challenge to food security. Here we report on a chromosome-scale assembly of A.

Binocular Visual Field Loss and Crash Risk: An eFOVID Population-Based Study.

Purpose: Visual field loss poses a high personal cost to those affected, significantly impacting activities of daily living, including driving. However, there is conflicting evidence on the association between visual field loss and crash risk. This study examined the association between severity and location of binocular visual field loss and motor vehicle crashes in older adults aged 50+, using linked population data over a 29-year study period.

Exploring urinary incontinence in hospitalised older women: A mixed methods investigation of prevalence and nurse perspectives.

Background: Approximately 40% of older women in the community report experiencing urinary incontinence (UI); prevalence within secondary care is unknown. Illness, comorbidities, and hospital environments are likely to lead to higher prevalence.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish UI prevalence in older women admitted to hospitals and understand the views and knowledge of ward nurses in relation to older women's UI.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the Peruvian Algarrobo (Neltuma pallida) provides insights on its adaptation to its unique ecological niche.

The dry forests of northern Peru are dominated by the legumous tree Neltuma pallida which is adapted to hot arid and semiarid conditions in the tropics. Despite having been successfully introduced in multiple other areas around the world, N. pallida is currently threatened in its native area, where it is invaluable for the dry forest ecosystem and human subsistence.

Functional alignment minimizes changes to joint line obliquity in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty: a CT analysis of functional versus kinematic alignment in 2,116 knees using the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification.

Aims: Functional alignment (FA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) aims to achieve balanced gaps by adjusting implant positioning while minimizing changes to constitutional joint line obliquity (JLO). Although FA uses kinematic alignment (KA) as a starting point, the final implant positions can vary significantly between these two approaches. This study used the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification to compare differences between KA and final FA positions.

Parallel development of social behavior in biological and artificial fish.

Our algorithmic understanding of vision has been revolutionized by a reverse engineering paradigm that involves building artificial systems that perform the same tasks as biological systems. Here, we extend this paradigm to social behavior. We embodied artificial neural networks in artificial fish and raised the artificial fish in virtual fish tanks that mimicked the rearing conditions of biological fish.

Feasibility of fetal cardiac function and anatomy assessment by real-time spiral balanced steady-state free precession magnetic resonance imaging at 0.55T.

Background: Contemporary 0.55T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is promising for fetal MRI, due to the larger bore, reduced safety concerns, lower acoustic noise, and improved fast imaging capability. In this work, we explore improved fetal cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) without relying on any synchronizing devices, prospective, or retrospective gating, to determine the feasibility of real-time MRI evaluation of fetal cardiac function as well as cardiac and great vessel anatomies by using spiral balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) at 0.

Brief Report of a New Anatomical Region at Risk in Thoracic Radiotherapy: From Discovery to Implementation.

Increasing radiotherapy dose to select cardiac structures is associated with cardiac events and premature death. Previous studies have found a dose-response relationship for structures at the base of the heart. We have defined a new cardiac anatomical region at risk for radiotherapy by consensus opinion, based on image-based data-mining studies.