Management of full thickness burns to lactating breasts.

A 19-year-old female sustained 8 per cent full thickness petrol flame burns to the neck, chest, breasts, upper abdomen and portions of the right upper limb. The patient had been breast-feeding until the time of the injury. Following assessment of the risks of potential complications such as engorgement, hyperprolactinaemia, mastitis, milk fistulae, glandular loss, scarring and nipple distortion, surgical tangential excision was delayed until bromocriptine produced cessation of lactation and breast involution occurred.

Differences in eye movements and reading problems in dyslexic and normal children.

It has been suggested that eye movement abnormalities seen in dyslexics are attributable to their language problems. In order to investigate this claim, we studied eye movements in dyslexic children, during several non-reading tasks. Dyslexic children were compared to normal and backward readers on measures of fixation, vergence amplitude, saccade and smooth pursuit.

Hypoxia: another issue to consider when timing cleft repair.

The factors influencing cleft repair are multiple and complex. A compromise must be achieved between facial growth, scarring, speech and language development, and psychological factors. However, one question remains unanswered.

A 91-day feeding study in rats with caprenin.

Caprenin, a randomized triglyceride primarily comprising caprylic (C8:0), capric (C10:0), and behenic (C22:0) acids, was administered in a semi-purified diet to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (25/sex/group) at dose levels of 5.23, 10.23 or 15.

Strong inference, theory testing, and the neuroanatomy of schizophrenia.

Failure to address the putative etiologic and pathophysiologic heterogeneity of the schizophrenia syndrome and problems in definitive assessment of human brain function have impaired progress in schizophrenia research. New approaches to psychopathology and converging evidence from antemortem and postmortem study can now result in more decisive study of the neuroanatomy and neuropathology of schizophrenia.

Freshmen baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of their academic and nonacademic experiences: implications for retention.

As a component of the evaluation for a program designed to enhance recruitment and retention of disadvantaged nursing students, qualitative interviews were conducted, with a sample of 20 baccalaureate nursing students at the end of their freshman year. Students were asked to describe positive aspects of their academic and nonacademic experiences as well as problems that were experienced, with recommendations for resolving these problems. Positive aspects of the freshman experience that were identified included academic, social, familial, and financial support.

Cerebral brain metabolism in adult dyslexic subjects assessed with positron emission tomography during performance of an auditory task.

Ten dyslexic adults (aged 33.5 +/- 7.3 years, nine men, one woman) and 10 age-, sex- and handedness-matched control subjects (aged 33.

A reading level match study of nonword reading skills in poor readers with varying IQ.

This study evaluated the hypothesis that poor readers are characterized by poor nonword reading skills, but that a specific deficit, as opposed to a developmental lag, in nonword reading will be found only in subjects whose reading is discrepant from intellectual ability. To test this hypothesis, we measured nonword reading skills in 93 (64 male, 29 female) third-grade poor readers and 54 (37 male, 17 female) fifth-grade poor readers (with and without reading/IQ discrepancies) who were matched to 147 (81 male, 66 female) nondisabled first graders on word identification skills. Results showed third- and fifth-grade poor readers to be significantly more impaired than word-identification level match first graders on all measures on nonword reading.

A 20-month olestra feeding study in dogs.

Three groups of beagle dogs (five/sex/group) were fed olestra, a mixture of octa-, hepta- and hexa-esters of sucrose formed with long-chain fatty acids, at 0, 5 or 10% of the diet for 20 months. The objective of the study was to assess the potential chronic toxicity of olestra in a non-rodent species. The feed was supplemented with vitamins A and E to ensure that the diets were nutritionally adequate and comparable for all groups.

The meaning of caregiving.

The purpose of the research reported in this article was to describe the experiences of caregivers who were providing care to an individual who recently had been discharged from a physical rehabilitation program. The research was aimed at answering the questions, "What is the meaning ascribed to the caregiver role?" A convenience sample of 10 caregivers was interviewed. Most of the caregivers (80%) were female; all were relatives of the individual requiring care.

Regional cerebral blood flow correlates of language processes in reading disability.

This series of studies tests the hypothesis of abnormal left hemisphere activation in reading-disabled subjects during language task performance. First, a left superotemporal focus of activation, as measured by regional cerebral blood flow, was found to be positively correlated with task accuracy in a group of 69 normal adults. Next, that left superotemporal activation was replicated in a second group of 83 adults whose childhood reading ability was known from standardized tests given in childhood.

Analysis of liver tissue for olestra following long-term feeding to rats and monkeys.

The potential for olestra to be absorbed and to accumulate in tissues was investigated by analysing liver tissue from rats and monkeys in long-term feeding studies using sensitive chromatographic methods. Studies with intravenously administered olestra indicated that absorbed olestra is predominantly taken up by the liver. In monkeys, 74% of the injected dose was detected in the liver, as intact olestra, 48 hr after dosing.

Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of olestra in Fischer 344 rats.

Two 2-year feeding studies were carried out in Fischer 344 rats with olestra, a mixture of the hexa-, hepta- and octaesters of sucrose formed with long-chain fatty acids. Olestra was fed at 0, 0.99, 4.

Neuropsychological profile of adult dyslexics.

One hundred and fifteen adults with well-documented childhood reading status underwent a series of neuropsychological tests including tests of memory, attention, phonological processing, and visual perceptual skills in an attempt to define the neuropsychological profile of dyslexia in adulthood. Compared to a normal nonreading disabled sample, subjects with a history of reading disability performed consistently poorer on most neuropsychological tests. However, after covarying for intelligence and socioeconomic status, only tests of rapid naming, phonological awareness, and nonword reading were significant discriminating measures.

Hypofrontal vs. hypo-Sylvian blood flow in schizophrenia.

Hypofrontality in schizophrenia has been a frequent but not consistent finding in regional cerebral blood flow studies. However, the contributions of subject and state variables such as age, education, task activation, and anxiety, some of which are known to influence blood flow profiles, have not been thoroughly examined in this population. Here, in a sample including 24 normal, 18 schizophrenic, 22 bipolar, and 13 unipolar depressive subjects, narrative prose memory deficit was found to distinguish both schizophrenic and bipolar subjects from normal controls.

Contractions to 5-hydroxytryptamine in human coronary artery and human saphenous vein.

Isometric contractions were obtained to 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists in human saphenous vein and human coronary artery. Based on the interaction with the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin, both 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors are involved in contractions of human saphenous vein, but the predominant subtype involved in contractions of human coronary artery is the 5-HT1 receptor.

Glipizide pharmacokinetics: effects of age, diabetes, and multiple dosing.

Aging and disease may contribute to alterations in drug pharmacokinetics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aging, the presence of NIDDM, and multiple dosing on the pharmacokinetics of glipizide, an oral hypoglycemic drug. Ten healthy young men (under age 25), ten healthy older men (over age 65) and 15 older diabetic men ingested a single 5 mg tablet of glipizide after an overnight fast.

The response of the peripheral nerve field to controlled soft tissue expansion.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of controlled soft tissue expansion on the peripheral nerve field. The rat model was used with single neurone recordings at the dorsal root level related to areas of skin previously expanded over a period of 2-4 weeks. Parameters measured were: stimulation threshold, receptive field size, conduction velocity and afferent disconnection.

Event-related potentials, spatial orienting, and reading disabilities.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to investigate the effects of visual-spatial orienting on selective neural processing in boys with learning disabilities. Twenty-seven 8-12 year old boys were classified into four groups depending on whether or not they had a reading disability or attention deficit disorder. Event-related potentials were recorded over the left and right occipital, central, and frontal cortical regions.