Phenotype of Relapsing Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease in Children.

Background And Purpose: To determine the clinical phenotypes, relapse timing, treatment responses, and outcomes of children with relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).

Methods: We collected the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data of patients aged <18 years who had been diagnosed with MOGAD at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between January 2010 and January 2022; 100 were identified as positive for MOG antibodies, 43 of whom experienced relapse.

Results: The median age at onset was 7 years (range 2-16 years).

Chiroptical Synaptic Perovskite Memristor as Reconfigurable Physical Unclonable Functions.

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), often referred to as digital fingerprints, are emerging as critical elements in enhancing hardware security and encryption. While significant progress has been made in developing optical and memory-based PUFs, integrating reconfigurability with sensitivity to circularly polarized light (CPL) remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a chiroptical synaptic memristor (CSM) as a reconfigurable PUF, leveraging a two-dimensional organic-inorganic halide chiral perovskite.

A core-shell fiber moisture-driven electric generator enabled by synergetic complex coacervation and built-in potential.

Moisture-driven electricity generators (MEGs) have been extensively researched; however, high-performance flexible variants have seldom been demonstrated. Here we present a novel complex coacervation with built-in potential strategy for developing a high-performance uniaxial MEG, featuring a core of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with a built-in charge potential and a gel shell composed of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) coacervate. The complex coacervation of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes produces extra mobile carriers and free volume in the device; meanwhile, the PEDOT core's surface charge significantly accelerates carrier diffusion.

Neuro-Actuating Photonic Skin Enabled by Ion-Gel Transistor with Thermo-Adaptive Block Copolymer.

Despite significant progress in developing artificial synapses to emulate the human nervous system for bio-signal transmission, synapses with thermo-adaptive coloration and soft actuators driven by temperature change have seldom been reported. Herein, a photonic neuro-actuating synaptic skin is presented enabling thermoresponsive synaptic signal transmission, color variation, and actuation. First, a thermoresponsive display synapse is developed based on a 3-terminal ion-gel transistor with a poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) semiconducting channel mixed with 2D titanium carbide (TiCT) MXene and a thermo-adaptive 1D block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystal (PC) gate insulator.

SYNGAP1-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics and longitudinal insights.

The clinical and genetic characteristics of SYNGAP1 mutations in Korean pediatric patients are not well understood. We retrospectively analyzed 13 individuals with SYNGAP1 mutations from a longitudinal aspect. Clinical data, genetic profiles, and electroencephalography (EEG) patterns were examined.

Interaction of interictal epileptiform activity with sleep spindles is associated with cognitive deficits and adverse surgical outcome in pediatric focal epilepsy.

Objective: Temporal coordination between oscillations enables intercortical communication and is implicated in cognition. Focal epileptic activity can affect distributed neural networks and interfere with these interactions. Refractory pediatric epilepsies are often accompanied by substantial cognitive comorbidity, but mechanisms and predictors remain mostly unknown.

A heterologous AZD1222 priming and BNT162b2 boosting regimen more efficiently elicits neutralizing antibodies, but not memory T cells, than the homologous BNT162b2 regimen.

Background: Comparative analyses of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses elicited by diverse prime-boost regimens are required to establish efficient regimens for the control of COVID-19.

Method: In this prospective observational cohort study, spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) alongside spike-specific T-cell responses in age-matched groups of homologous BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or AZD1222/AZD1222 vaccination, heterologous AZD1222/BNT162b2 vaccination, and prior wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination were evaluated.

Results: Peak immune responses were achieved after the second vaccine dose in the naïve vaccinated groups and after the first dose in the prior infection/vaccination group.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron escapes mRNA vaccine booster-induced antibody neutralisation in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an observational cohort study.

Objectives: This study investigates whether COVID-19 vaccines can elicit cross-reactive antibody responses against the Omicron variant in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).

Methods: This observational cohort study comprised 149 patients with ARDs and 94 healthcare workers (HCWs). Blood samples were obtained at enrolment, a median of 15 weeks after the second vaccine dose or 8 weeks after the third dose.

The generation of stem cell-like memory cells early after BNT162b2 vaccination is associated with durability of memory CD8 T cell responses.

COVID-19 vaccines elicit humoral and cellular immune responses. Durable maintenance of vaccine-induced immunity is required for long-term protection of the host. Here, we examine activation and differentiation of vaccine-induced CD8 T cells using MHC class I (MHC-I) multimers and correlations between early differentiation and the durability of CD8 T cell responses among healthcare workers immunized with two doses of BNT162b2.

Comparison of alkali and ionic liquid pretreatment methods on the biochemical methane potential of date palm waste biomass.

Date palm waste biomass is a readily accessible agricultural waste biomass that may be used to produce biogas. Because the complex structure of date palm waste biomass prevents the embedded holo-cellulosic sugars from biodegrading, pretreatment is required to increase methane (CH) yield. The present investigation aimed to comparatively determine the impact of alkali and ionic liquid pretreatment on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of different types of date palm waste biomass.

Convolutional neural network-aided tuber segmentation in tuberous sclerosis complex patients correlates with electroencephalogram.

Objective: One of the clinical hallmarks of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is radiologically identified cortical tubers, which are present in most patients. Intractable epilepsy may require surgery, often involving invasive diagnostic procedures such as intracranial electroencephalography (EEG). Identifying the location of the dominant tuber responsible for generating epileptic activities is a critical issue.

The role of stereo-electroencephalography to localize the epileptogenic zone in children with nonlesional brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical outcome and outcome predictive factors in pediatric epilepsy patients evaluated with stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG).

Methods: Thirty-eight patients who underwent SEEG implantation at the Pediatric Epilepsy Center in New York Presbyterian Hospital between June 2014 and December 2019 were enrolled for retrospective chart review. Postoperative seizure outcomes were evaluated in patients with at least 12-months follow up.

Early-onset autosomal dominant GTP-cyclohydrolase I deficiency: Diagnostic delay and residual motor signs.

Objective: Autosomal dominant (AD) guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) deficiency is the most common cause of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Patients with GCH1 deficiency are likely to experience diagnostic delay, but its consequences have not been described thoroughly in patients with early-onset disease. We describe the diagnostic delay and residual motor signs (RMS) observed in patients with early-onset (before 15 years of age) disease.

Driving Environment Perception Based on the Fusion of Vehicular Wireless Communications and Automotive Remote Sensors.

Driving environment perception for automated vehicles is typically achieved by the use of automotive remote sensors such as radars and cameras. A vehicular wireless communication system can be viewed as a new type of remote sensor that plays a central role in connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), which are capable of sharing information with each other and also with the surrounding infrastructure. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of driving environment perception based on the fusion of vehicular wireless communications and automotive remote sensors.

Clinical Spectrum of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Immunoglobulin G-Associated Disease in Korean Children.

Background And Purpose: The myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody is detected at a high rate in childhood acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS). This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of the MOG antibody in ADS and the spectrum of MOG-antibody-positive demyelinating diseases in children.

Methods: This study included 128 patients diagnosed with ADS (=94) or unexplained encephalitis (=34).

Low levels of serum urate are associated with a higher prevalence of depression in older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea.

Background: Soluble urate has been shown to serve as an antioxidant, especially in the central nervous system. Although there are intriguing data suggesting that low levels of serum urate are associated with worse outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases, its impact on mental health has not been adequately assessed. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between serum urate and depression using a large, nationally representative sample.

Erratum to: Elevated Serum Uric Acid in Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis in Children.

This corrects the article on p. 496 in vol. 15, PMID: 31591838.

Elevated Serum Uric Acid in Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis in Children.

Background And Purpose: To identify whether serum uric acid levels are significantly higher in patients with benign convulsion associated with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) than in patients with acute gastroenteritis.

Methods: This retrospective study compared the serum levels of uric acid between CwG, acute gastroenteritis, and febrile seizure after correcting for the varying degree of mild dehydration using serum HCO₃- levels. We also compared the serum uric acid levels between patients with CwG and febrile seizures in order to exclude the effect of seizures on uric acid.

The Role of a "Treat-to-Target" Approach in the Long-Term Renal Outcomes of Patients with Gout.

: Although gout is accompanied by the substantial burden of kidney disease, there are limited data to assess renal function as a therapeutic target. This study evaluated the importance of implementing a "treat-to-target" approach in relation to renal outcomes. : Patients with gout who underwent continuous urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for at least 12 months were included.

Factors Associated with Favorable Outcome of Topiramate Migraine Prophylaxis in Pediatric Patients.

Background And Purpose: There are few studies that have investigated predictive factors related to migraine prophylaxis of which produced inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to identify factors that can predict the treatment response to topiramate prophylaxis in pediatric patients with migraine.

Methods: One hundred and thirteen patients who were older than 7 years and received topiramate for at least 3 months were recruited from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital outpatient clinic from 2005 to 2014.

A familial case of Blau syndrome caused by a novel genetic mutation.

Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal dominant, inflammatory syndrome that is characterized by the clinical triad of granulomatous dermatitis, symmetric arthritis, and recurrent uveitis. Mutations in the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 () gene are responsible for causing BS. To date, up to 30 Blau-associated genetic mutations have been identified within this gene.

Low-loss strip-loaded slot waveguides in silicon-on-insulator.

Electro-optic polymer-clad silicon slot waveguides have recently been used to build a new class of modulators, that exhibit very high bandwidths and extremely low drive voltages. A key step towards making these devices practical will be lowering optical insertion losses. We report on the first measurements of low-loss waveguides that are geometrically suitable for high bandwidth slot waveguide modulators: a strip-loaded slot waveguide.

Detectability of dissipative motion in quantum vacuum via superradiance.

We propose an experiment for generating and detecting vacuum-induced dissipative motion. A high frequency mechanical resonator driven in resonance is expected to dissipate mechanical energy in quantum vacuum via photon emission. The photons are stored in a high quality electromagnetic cavity and detected through their interaction with ultracold alkali-metal atoms prepared in an inverted population of hyperfine states.