Preoperative predictable factors for the occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration requiring second operation after spinal fusion at isolated L4-L5 level.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify (1) the overall prevalence of radiologic and clinical adjacent segment disease (ASD), (2) the prevalence of radiologic ASD at cranial versus caudal adjacent segments, and (3) preoperative risk factors and preoperative radiologic features associated with radiologic disc degeneration of the cranial and caudal adjacent segments.

Methods: A total of 154 patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion and screw-rod fixation at the L4-L5 level were retrospectively evaluated more than 2 years after surgery.

Clinical and radiologic analysis of posterior apophyseal ring separation associated with lumbar disc herniation.

Objective: We analyzed the clinical and radiologic features of posterior apophyseal ring separation (PARS) with lumbar disc herniation and suggest the proper management options according to the PARS characteristics.

Methods: We reviewed case series of patients with PARS who underwent surgery of lumbar disc herniation. Preoperative symptoms, neurologic status, Body Mass Index, preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Korean-Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI) scores, operation types were obtained.

Ganglion cyst of the posterior longitudinal ligament causing lumbar radiculopathy.

Degenerated conditions such as herniated disc or spinal stenosis are common etiologies of lumbar radiculopathy. Less common etiologies include spinal extradural cyst such as synovial cysts and ganglion cysts. Ganglion cyst of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) of the spine is a rare entity that can result in classical sciatica.

Lumbar intraspinal extradural ganglion cysts.

The lumbar intraspinal epidural ganglion cyst has been a rare cause of the low back pain or leg pain. Ganglion cysts and synovial cysts compose the juxtafacet cysts. Extensive studies have been performed about the synovial cysts, however, very little has been known about the ganglion cyst.

Computerized tomographic measurements of morphometric parameters of the c2 for the feasibility of laminar screw fixation in korean population.

Objective: C2 laminar screw fixation is considered as an excellent alternative to Magerl's transfacetal approach or Harms construct for the atlantoaxial stabilization. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the feasibility of the new approach to Korean population. We investigated morphometric parameters of the dorsal arch of the C2 to provide the quantitative data for the feasibility of laminar screw fixation.

Modified trajectory of c2 laminar screw - double bicortical purchase of the inferiorly crossing screw.

The crossing laminar screw fixation might be the most recently developed approach among various fixation techniques for C2. The new construct has stability comparable to transarticular or transpedicular screw fixation without risk of vertebral artery injury. Quantitative anatomical studies about C2 vertebra suggest significant variation in the thickness of C2 lamina as well as cross sectional area of junction of lamina and spinous process.

Troublesome occipital neuralgia developed by c1-c2 harms construct.

Recently, Harms and Melcher modified Goel's approach, the C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw fixation, and the new technique is currently in favor among neurosurgeons. Comparing to the advantages of Harms construct, the disadvantages were not extensively investigated. We experienced a patient with severe occipital pain developed after the C1 lateral mass screw placement for the traumatic atlantoaxial instability.

Lumbo-sacro-pelvic Fixation Using Iliac Screws for the Complex Lumbo-sacral Fractures.

Fractures of lumbo-sacral junction involving bilateral sacral wings are rare. Posterior lumbo-sacral fixation does not always provide with sufficient stability in such cases. Various augmentation techniques including divergent sacral ala screws, S2 pedicle screws and Galveston rods have been reported to improve lumbo-sacral stabilization.

The incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in youngdong district, Korea.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in Youngdong district for 10 years.

Methods: From Jan. 1997 to Dec.