Radiation-Resistant Bacteria Deinococcus radiodurans-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Radioprotectors.

The increasing use of radiation presents a risk of radiation exposure, making the development of radioprotectors necessary. In the previous study, it is investigated that Deinococcus radiodurans (R1-EVs) exert the antioxidative properties. However, the radioprotective activity of R1-EVs remains unclear.

Microfluidic antisolvent crystallization for chiral symmetry breaking.

We report on the use of a microfluidic antisolvent crystallization method to investigate the effect of solution volume on the chiral symmetry breaking (CSB) phenomena of enantiomeric sodium chlorate crystals. The utilization of a microfluidic device is capable of periodically producing emulsion droplets of uniform size and facilitates the quantitative analysis and visualization of crystallization phenomena occurring within the individual emulsions immersed in an oil continuous medium (, dodecane). To promote nucleation and crystallization, a small amount of an antisolvent (, ethanol) is introduced into the continuous phase.

Chiral Flipping in Viedma Deracemization.

Understanding deracemization is crucial for progress in chiral chemistry, especially for improving separation techniques. Here, we first report the phenomenon of chiral flipping (or reverse deracemization) in a chiral material (i.e.

CM1, a Chrysin Derivative, Protects from Endotoxin-Induced Lethal Shock by Regulating the Excessive Activation of Inflammatory Responses.

Sepsis, a leading cause of death worldwide, is a harmful inflammatory condition that is primarily caused by an endotoxin released by Gram-negative bacteria. Effective targeted therapeutic strategies for sepsis are lacking. In this study, using an in vitro and in vivo mouse model, we demonstrated that CM1, a derivative of the natural polyphenol chrysin, exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inducing the expression of the ubiquitin-editing protein TNFAIP3 and the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1).

Deinococcus radiodurans-derived membrane vesicles protect HaCaT cells against HO-induced oxidative stress via modulation of MAPK and Nrf2/ARE pathways.

Background: Deinococcus radiodurans is a robust bacterium that can withstand harsh environments that cause oxidative stress to macromolecules due to its cellular structure and physiological functions. Cells release extracellular vesicles for intercellular communication and the transfer of biological information; their payload reflects the status of the source cells. Yet, the biological role and mechanism of Deinococcus radiodurans-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear.

Extract Inhibits Platelet Desialylation and Activation to Ameliorate Sepsis-Associated Thrombocytopenia in a Murine CLP-Induced Sepsis Model.

Sepsis, characterized by an uncontrolled host inflammatory response to infections, remains a leading cause of death in critically ill patients worldwide. Sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia (SAT), a common disease in patients with sepsis, is an indicator of disease severity. Therefore, alleviating SAT is an important aspect of sepsis treatment; however, platelet transfusion is the only available treatment strategy for SAT.

Grinding Method for Phase Transformation of Glycine.

Glycine had three polymorphs, two metastable phases (α-glycine, β-glycine) and one stable phase (γ-glycine). However, the phase transformation of glycine from α-phase to γ-phase was well known as the kinetically unfavorable process. In this study, a simple and effective grinding method for phase transformation of glycine from α-phase to γ-phase is proposed.

Abietane Diterpenoids Isolated from Disrupt Replication of Influenza Virus by Blocking the Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K)-Akt and ERK Signaling Pathway.

Although vaccines and antiviral drugs are available, influenza viruses continue to pose a significant threat to vulnerable populations globally. With the emergence of drug-resistant strains, there is a growing need for novel antiviral therapeutic approaches. We found that 18-hydroxyferruginol () and 18-oxoferruginol () isolated from exhibited strong anti-influenza activity, with 50% inhibitory concentration values of 13.

Solution Volume Effects on Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking of Sodium Chlorate Crystals.

We report spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the evaporative crystallization of sodium chlorate by controlling the solution volume. We determine the critical volume, below which complete chiral symmetry breaking spontaneously occurs. This can be explained with regard to the rare probability of the simultaneous formation of multiple nuclei in a small volume, depletion attributed to the rapid consumption of surrounding sodium chlorate molecules upon crystal growth, and secondary nucleation.

Solubilized curcuminoid complex prevents extensive immunosuppression through immune restoration and antioxidant activity: Therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

The therapeutic benefits of curcuminoids in various diseases have been extensively reported. However, little is known regarding their preventive effects on extensive immunosuppression. We investigated the immunoregulatory effects of a curcuminoid complex (CS/M), solubilized with stevioside, using a microwave-assisted method in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mouse model and identified its new pharmacological benefits.

Immunological Effects of Callus-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Allergic Asthma.

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles, (EVs), have recently gained attention as potential therapeutic candidates. However, the varying properties of plants that are dependent on their growth conditions, and the unsustainable production of plant-derived EVs hinder drug development. Herein, we analyzed the secondary metabolites of callus-derived EVs (AYC-EVs) obtained via plant tissue cultures and performed an immune functional assay to assess the potential therapeutic effects of AYC-EVs against inflammatory diseases.

In situ discrimination of polymorphs and phase transformation of sulfamerazine using quartz crystal microbalance.

A novel strategy utilizing the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was developed for the in situ discrimination of polymorphic nucleation (form-I and form-II) and phase transformation of sulfamerazine (SMZ) in cooling crystallization. According to Ostwald's rule of stages, metastable form-I of SMZ is first nucleated and then shifted to stable form-II by solution-mediated phase transformation. Through surface modification with the self-assembled monolayer technique of a functional group, QCM distinctively detects the formation of the two polymorphs.

R1 Lysate Induces Tolerogenic Maturation in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Dendritic Cells and Protects Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice.

is an extremophilic bacterium that can thrive in harsh environments. This property can be attributed to its unique metabolites that possess strong antioxidants and other pharmacological properties. To determine the potential of R1 lysate (DeinoLys) as a pharmacological candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of DeinoLys in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and a colitis mice model.

Iron oxide (FeO)-laden titanium carbide (TiCT) MXene stacks for the efficient sequestration of cationic dyes from aqueous solution.

We prepared two-dimensional (2D) stack-structured magnetic iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticle anchored titanium carbide (TiCT) MXene material (TiCT/FeO). It was used as a potential adsorbent to remove carcinogenic cationic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (Rh B), from aqueous solutions. TiCT/FeO exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 153 and 86 mg g for MB and Rh B dyes, respectively.

Molecular Characteristics of IS Carrying Multidrug Resistance Gene Cluster in Serotype III/Sequence Type 19 Group B Streptococcus.

Streptococcus agalactiae is the leading cause of meningitis in newborns and a significant cause of invasive diseases in pregnant women and adults with underlying diseases. Antibiotic resistance against erythromycin and clindamycin in group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates has been increasing worldwide. GBS expresses the Srr1 and Srr2 proteins, which have important roles in bacterial infection.

Protective Effect of Polysaccharides Extracted from Fruit against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in Macrophages and a Mouse Model.

Although cisplatin is one of most effective chemotherapeutic drugs that is widely used to treat various types of cancer, it can cause undesirable damage in immune cells and normal tissue because of its strong cytotoxicity and non-selectivity. This study was conducted to investigate the cytoprotective effects of fruit-derived polysaccharides (CTPS) against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages, lung cancer cell lines, and a mouse model, and to explore the possibility of application of CTPS as a supplement for anticancer therapy. Both cisplatin alone and cisplatin with CTPS induced a significant cytotoxicity in A549 and H460 lung cancer cells, whereas cytotoxicity was suppressed by CTPS in cisplatin-treated RAW264.

Liquefaction of Lignin Using Chemical Decomposition and Its Application to Polyurethane Foam.

To utilize the chemical application of lignin (LN), a decomposition reaction was carried out to cleave chemical bonds. Indeed, a liquefaction process is essential for the chemical use of lignin to achieve a uniform reaction and maximize the chemical utility of lignin. To this end, hydroxyl radicals were adopted as a powerful oxidation agent, and FT-IR results confirmed the cleavage of the ether linkages.

Chrysin Derivative CM1 and Exhibited Anti-Inflammatory Action by Upregulating Toll-Interacting Protein Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells.

Although our previous study revealed that gamma-irradiated chrysin enhanced anti-inflammatory activity compared to intact chrysin, it remains unclear whether the chrysin derivative, CM1, produced by gamma irradiation, negatively regulates toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for the downregulation of TLR4 signal transduction by CM1 in macrophages. We initially determined the appropriate concentration of CM1 and found no cellular toxicity below 2 μg/mL.

Immunoregulatory properties of a crude extraction fraction rich in polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum and its potential role as a vaccine adjuvant.

The objective of the current study was to demonstrate the immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide isolated from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum leaves (CP) and evaluate its potential as a vaccine adjuvant. Results showed that CP induced maturation of the dendritic cells (DCs).

HMOC, a chrysin derivative, induces tolerogenic properties in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated dendritic cells.

Although we previously identified a new hydroxymethoxyl chrysin derivative (HMOC) using ionizing radiation, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of HMOC in dendritic cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effects of HMOC on phenotypic and functional changes in activated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMDCs, HMOC treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12p70, and IL-1β), surface molecules (CD80, CD86, MHC-I, and MHC-II), and antigen-presentation to MHC-I and II without a decrease in IL-10.