Phosphorylation of auxin signaling repressor IAA8 by heat-responsive MPKs causes defective flower development.

Heat stress is a substantial and imminent threat to plant growth and development. Understanding its adverse effects on plant development at the molecular level is crucial for sustainable agriculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how heat stress causes developmental defects in flowers remains poorly understood.

IRE1 is implicated in protein synthesis regulation under ER stress conditions in plants.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a crucial cellular mechanism for maintaining protein folding homeostasis during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, the role of IRE1, a key component of the UPR, was investigated in protein translation regulation under ER stress conditions in Arabidopsis. We discovered that the loss of IRE1A and IRE1B leads to diminished protein translation, indicating a significant role for IRE1 in this process.

Identification of mitogen-activated protein kinases substrates in using kinase client assay.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are essential signal transduction components that control a variety of cellular responses in all eukaryotes. MPKs convert extracellular stimuli into cellular responses by the phosphorylation of downstream substrates. Although MPK cascades are predicted to be very complex, only limited numbers of MPK substrates have been identified in plants.

Cellular and physiological functions of SGR family in gravitropic response in higher plants.

Background: In plants, gravity directs bidirectional growth; it specifies upward growth of shoots and downward growth of roots. Due to gravity, roots establish robust anchorage and shoot, which enables to photosynthesize. It sets optimum posture and develops plant architecture to efficiently use resources like water, nutrients, CO, and gaseous exchange.

ABA INSENSITIVE 2 promotes flowering by inhibiting OST1/ABI5-dependent FLOWERING LOCUS C transcription in Arabidopsis.

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is an important regulator of plant growth and development and plays a crucial role in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. ABA modulates flowering time, but the precise molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we report that ABA INSENSITIVE 2 (ABI2) is the only phosphatase from the ABA-signaling core that positively regulates the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis.

Quercetin induces pathogen resistance through the increase of salicylic acid biosynthesis in .

Quercetin is a flavonol belonging to the flavonoid group of polyphenols. Quercetin is reported to have a variety of biological functions, including antioxidant, pigment, auxin transport inhibitor and root nodulation factor. Additionally, quercetin is known to be involved in bacterial pathogen resistance in through the transcriptional increase of () genes.

The role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the unfolded protein response (UPR) of plants.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a key regulator of plant growth and development, but its role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the function of PP2A under ER stress using loss-of-function mutants of ROOTS CURL of NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID1 (RCN1), a regulatory A1 subunit isoform of Arabidopsis PP2A. RCN1 mutants (rcn1-1 and rcn1-2) exhibited reduced sensitivity to tunicamycin (TM), an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation and inducer of unfolded protein response (UPR) gene expression, resulting in less severe effects compared to wild-type plants (Ws-2 and Col-0).

ROS-mediated plasmodesmal regulation requires a network of an Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase, calmodulin-like proteins, and callose synthases.

Plasmodesmata (PD) play a critical role in symplasmic communication, coordinating plant activities related to growth & development, and environmental stress responses. Most developmental and environmental stress signals induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling in the apoplast that causes PD closure by callose deposition. Although the apoplastic ROS signals are primarily perceived at the plasma membrane (PM) by receptor-like kinases (RLKs), such components involved in PD regulation are not yet known.

Phosphorylation of the auxin signaling transcriptional repressor IAA15 by MPKs is required for the suppression of root development under drought stress in Arabidopsis.

Since plants are sessile organisms, developmental plasticity in response to environmental stresses is essential for their survival. Upon exposure to drought, lateral root development is suppressed to induce drought tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism by which the development of lateral roots is inhibited by drought is largely unknown.

Engineering Novel Aptameric Fluorescent Biosensors for Analysis of the Neurotoxic Environmental Contaminant Insecticide Diazinon from Real Vegetable and Fruit Samples.

Background: Diazinon is a widely used organophosphorus neurotoxic insecticide. It is a common environmental contaminant and a hazardous agri-waste. Its detection is critical to control entry into food systems and protect the environment.

Development of novel fluorescence-based and label-free noncanonical G4-quadruplex-like DNA biosensor for facile, specific, and ultrasensitive detection of fipronil.

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide widely used in agriculture and residential areas; its indiscriminate use leads to environmental pollution and poses health hazards. Early detection of fipronil is critical to prevent the deleterious effects. However, current insecticide analysis methods such as HPLC, LC/MS, and GC/MS are incompetent; they are costly, immobile, time-consuming, laborious, and need skilled technicians.

Novel DNA Aptameric Sensors to Detect the Toxic Insecticide Fenitrothion.

Fenitrothion is an insecticide belonging to the organophosphate family of pesticides that is widely used around the world in agriculture and living environments. Today, it is one of the most hazardous chemicals that causes severe environmental pollution. However, detection of fenitrothion residues in the environment is considered a significant challenge due to the small molecule nature of the insecticide and lack of molecular recognition elements that can detect it with high specificity.

Naringenin Induces Pathogen Resistance Against Through the Activation of NPR1 in .

Flavonoids are well known for the coloration of plant organs to protect UV and ROS and to attract pollinators as well. Flavonoids also play roles in many aspects of physiological processes including pathogen resistance. However, the molecular mechanism to explain how flavonoids play roles in pathogen resistance was not extensively studied.

Efficacy and Safety of Mirodenafil Oro-Dispersible Film in Korean Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter, Phase IV Study.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oro-dispersible film (ODF) formulation of mirodenafil 50 mg and 100 mg for the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) in Korea.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 129 subjects was performed. Subjects were randomized to either placebo or mirodenafil ODF 50 mg or 100 mg to be taken in an "on demand" manner for 8 weeks.

A Gain-of-Function Mutant of IAA15 Inhibits Lateral Root Development by Transcriptional Repression of Genes in Arabidopsis.

Lateral root development is known to be regulated by Aux/IAA-ARF modules in . As components, several Aux/IAAs have participated in these Aux/IAA-ARF modules. In this study, to identify the biological function of IAA15 in plant developments, transgenic plant overexpressing the gain-of-function mutant of IAA15 (IAA15 OX) under the control of dexamethasone (DEX) inducible promoter, in which IAA15 protein was mutated by changing Pro-75 residue to Ser at the degron motif in conserved domain II, was constructed.

Ambulatory second look percutaneous nephrolithotripsy with maturated nephros-tomy tract.

Introduction And Objectives: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the standard technique for managing large renal calculi. Second-look PCNL is typically performed under intravenous (IV) sedation or spinal / general anesthesia when removing remnant stones. This requires additional pre-anesthesia assessment and close monitoring.

The Auxin Signaling Repressor IAA8 Promotes Seed Germination Through Down-Regulation of Transcription in .

Seed germination is a complex biological process controlled by various regulators, including phytohormones. Among these, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid inhibit and promote seed germination, respectively. Many studies have addressed the biological roles of auxin in plant growth and development, but very few have considered its role in seed germination.

Rheostatic Control of ABA Signaling through HOS15-Mediated OST1 Degradation.

Dehydrating stresses trigger the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), a key plant stress-signaling hormone that activates Snf1-Related Kinases (SnRK2s) to mount adaptive responses. However, the regulatory circuits that terminate the SnRK2s signal relay after acclimation or post-stress conditions remain to be defined. Here, we show that the desensitization of the ABA signal is achieved by the regulation of OST1 (SnRK2.

Metabolic Adjustment of Arabidopsis Root Suspension Cells During Adaptation to Salt Stress and Mitotic Stress Memory.

Sessile plants reprogram their metabolic and developmental processes during adaptation to prolonged environmental stresses. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation of plant cells to saline stress, we established callus suspension cell cultures from Arabidopsis roots adapted to high salt for an extended period of time. Adapted cells exhibit enhanced salt tolerance compared with control cells.

The High-Affinity Potassium Transporter EpHKT1;2 From the Extremophile Mediates Salt Tolerance.

To survive salt stress, plants must maintain a balance between sodium and potassium ions. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) play a key role in reducing Na toxicity through K uptake. (formerly known as ), a halophyte closely related to , has two genes that encode EpHKT1;1 and EpHKT1;2.

Role of bowel suspension technique to prevent early intestinal obstruction after radical cystectomy with ileal orthotopic neobladder: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: We investigate the impact of the bowel suspension technique (BST) on paralytic ileus and early intestinal obstruction (≤60days) after radical cystectomy (RC) with ileal orthotopic neobladder (IONB).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 310 patients who underwent RC with IONB for bladder cancer between 2001 and 2017. After forming the Studer IONB, ileal continuity was restored by side-to-side stapled anastomosis.

Cluster analysis identifies three urodynamic patterns in patients with orthotopic neobladder reconstruction.

Purpose: To classify patients with orthotopic neobladder based on urodynamic parameters using cluster analysis and to characterize the voiding function of each group.

Materials And Methods: From January 2012 to November 2015, 142 patients with bladder cancer underwent radical cystectomy and Studer neobladder reconstruction at our institute. Of the 142 patients, 103 with complete urodynamic data and information on urinary functional outcomes were included in this study.