Device modeling of two-steps oxygen anneal-based submicron InGaZnO back-end-of-line field-effect transistor enabling short-channel effects suppression.

Amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) field-effect transistors (FETs) have been integrated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry in the back end of line (BEOL) CMOS process; they are promising devices creating new and various functionalities. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the physics determining their scalability and establish a physics-based model for a robust device design of AOS BEOL FETs. However, the advantage emphasized to date has been mainly an ultralow leakage current of these devices.

Conduction Mechanism Analysis of Abrupt- and Gradual-Switching InGaZnO Memristors.

In this work, two types of InGaZnO (IGZO) memristors were fabricated to confirm the conduction mechanism and degradation characteristics of memristors with different electrode materials. The IGZO memristor exhibits abrupt switching characteristics with the Pd electrode owing to the formation and destruction of conductive filaments but shows gradual switching characteristics with the p-type Si electrode according to the amount of generated oxygen vacancy. The electrical characteristics and conduction mechanisms of the device are analyzed using an energy band diagram and experimentally verified with random telegraph noise characteristics confirming the trap effects on the device conduction.

Effect of Post-Annealing on Barrier Modulations in Pd/IGZO/SiO/p-Si Memristors.

In this article, we study the post-annealing effect on the synaptic characteristics in Pd/IGZO/SiO/p-Si memristor devices. The O-H bond in IGZO films affects the switching characteristics that can be controlled by the annealing process. We propose a switching model based on using a native oxide as the Schottky barrier.

Compact SPICE Model of Memristor with Barrier Modulated Considering Short- and Long-Term Memory Characteristics by IGZO Oxygen Content.

This paper introduces a compact SPICE model of a two-terminal memory with a Pd/Ti/IGZO/p-Si structure. In this paper, short- and long-term components are systematically separated and applied in each model. Such separations are conducted by the applied bias and oxygen flow rate (OFR) during indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) deposition.

High-Resolution Ultrasound-Assisted Assessment of Preliminary Short-term Safety Outcomes of an Implant-Based Augmentation Mammaplasty Using a Bioengineered, Cell-Friendly, Smooth-Surface Device in Korean Females.

Background: The Motiva Ergonomix Round SilkSurface (Establishment Labs Holdings Inc., Alajuela, Costa Rica) is one of the representative brands of the fifth generation of a silicone gel-filled breast implant with a microtextured surface.

Objectives: In this study, the authors describe preliminary short-term safety outcomes of an implant-based augmentation mammaplasty using the Motiva Ergonomix Round SilkSurface in Korean females.

Short-term Safety of Augmentation Mammaplasty Using the BellaGel Implants in Korean Women.

Unlabelled: Asian women are stereotypically characterized by a slim body, smaller breasts and areolae, and larger nipples when compared with White women. They would therefore be vulnerable to displacement of a breast implant if they receive larger implants. They are also prone to hypertrophic and prolonged hyperemic scars.

Real-time tracking of single-molecule collagenase on native collagen and partially structured collagen-mimic substrates.

The dynamic interactions of an individual matrix metalloproteinase-1 were imaged and monitored in the presence of either triple-helical or non-triple-helical, partially structured collagen-mimic substrates. The enzyme exhibited ten-fold increased catalytic turnover rates with the structurally modified substrate by skipping the triple-helix unwinding step during the catalytic pathway.

Analysis of bacterial FAMEs using gas chromatography - vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy for the identification and discrimination of bacteria.

The identification of microorganisms is very important in different fields and alternative methods are necessary for a rapid and simple identification. The use of fatty acids for bacterial identification is gaining attention as phenotypic characteristics are reflective of the genotype and are more easily analyzed. In this work, gas chromatography-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV) was used to determine bacteria fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), to identify and discriminate different environmental bacteria based on their fatty acid profile.

Suppression of Mammary Carcinogenesis Through Early Exposure to Dietary Lipotropes Occurs Primarily In Utero.

The study determined whether feeding during lactation affects the suppressive effect of maternal dietary lipotropes (i.e., methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12) on mammary carcinogenesis.

Pubertal supplementation of lipotropes in female rats reduces mammary cancer risk by suppressing histone deacetylase 1.

Purpose: The time from puberty to the first pregnancy is known to be important for a woman's life-time breast cancer risk. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may involve pubertal maturation processes, which can affect the risk of breast cancer in later life. Epigenetic alterations are related to lipotropes (methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12), which are methyl donors and cofactors.

Clinical significance of morphologic characteristics in triple negative breast cancer.

Purpose: No clinically useful target molecule has been identified for triple-negative (TN) breast cancer, i.e., estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative phenotype, and its prognosis is poor.

Highly spherical and deformable chitosan microspheres for arterial embolization.

The aim of this study was to fabricate deformable chitosan (CS) microspheres for arterial embolization. CS microspheres containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared by ionotropic gelation; PEG was then removed from the CS microspheres to produce the highly porous structure to allow deformability. The porosity was controlled by blending ratios of CS/PEG polymers (CS/PEG=from 100/0 to 15/85) and the effect of porosity on microcatheter delivery was examined.

Solubilized formulation of olmesartan medoxomil for enhancing oral bioavailability.

Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is an antihypertensive angiotensin II receptor blocker. OLM has a low bioavailability (BA), approximately 26% in humans, due to its low water solubility and efflux by drug resistance pumps in the gastrointestinal tract. Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), which is easily emulsified in aqueous media under gentle agitation and digestive motility, was formulated to increase the oral BA of OLM.

Factors affecting the apparent solubility of ursodeoxycholic acid in the grinding process.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was ground by a vibrating mill. Apparent solubility of the ground sample was determined by Coulter counter method. The samples were characterized by pore size distribution measurement, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurement, near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurement.