Use of vasopressors to manage spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during cesarean delivery.

Cesarean sections are commonly performed under spinal anesthesia, which can lead to hypotension, adversely affecting maternal and fetal outcomes. Hypotension following spinal anesthesia is generally defined as a blood pressure of 80-90% below the baseline value. Various strategies have been implemented to reduce the incidence of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension.

Utilizing ChatGPT in clinical research related to anesthesiology: a comprehensive review of opportunities and limitations.

Chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) is a chatbot developed by OpenAI that answers questions in a human-like manner. ChatGPT is a GPT language model that understands and responds to natural language created using a transformer, which is a new artificial neural network algorithm first introduced by Google in 2017. ChatGPT can be used to identify research topics and proofread English writing and R scripts to improve work efficiency and optimize time.

Effect of intraoperative blood transfusion on inflammatory response in parturients with placenta previa undergoing cesarean section: A prospective observational study.

Background: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) have been reported as useful biomarkers for evaluating inflammation and a predictor of surgical prognosis. Although there have been recent reports that transfusion may affect inflammatory responses, studies on the post-transfusion inflammatory response in parturients are rare. Therefore, this study aimed to observe changes in inflammatory response after transfusion during cesarean section (C-sec) through NLR, PLR, and RDW.

Association of red cell distribution width/albumin ratio with intraoperative blood transfusion in cervical cancer patients.

Background: Although minimally invasive surgical techniques have reduced intraoperative bleeding, the risk of transfusion exists. However, few studies have evaluated risk factors for transfusion in radical hysterectomy. We aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative red cell distribution width/albumin ratio (RDW/albumin) and transfusion in cervical cancer patients.

Low Preoperative Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio Is Predictive of the 5-Year Recurrence of Bladder Tumor after Transurethral Resection.

Many studies have investigated the prognostic significance of peripheral blood parameters-including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR)-in several cancers in recent decades. We evaluated the prognostic factors for five-year tumor recurrence after the transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT). In total, 151 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumors who underwent TURBT under spinal anesthesia were selected for this retrospective analysis.

Effects of Perioperative Inflammatory Response in Cervical Cancer: Laparoscopic versus Open Surgery.

There are few studies between postoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and survival in cervical cancer. We compared postoperative changes in NLR according to surgical methods and analyzed the effect of these changes on 5-year mortality of cervical cancer patients. A total of 929 patients were assigned to either the laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) ( = 721) or open radical hysterectomy (ORH) ( = 208) group.

Importance of Preoperative Screening Strategies for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Sections: A Retrospective, Large Single-Center, Observational Cohort Study.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many guidelines have recommended postponing non-emergency operations. However, cesarean sections cannot be indefinitely delayed. Our institution has established a COVID-19 screening strategy for patients undergoing cesarean section.

Changes in diaphragmatic excursion and lung compliance during gynaecologic surgery: open laparotomy versus laparoscopy-a prospective observational study.

This study compared the effects of open versus laparoscopic radical hysterectomy on intraoperative diaphragmatic excursion and lung compliance. We enrolled 20 women per group; Group O's members underwent open radical hysterectomy, while Group L's members underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. Diaphragmatic excursion was measured by assessing tidal ventilation using M-mode ultrasonography before intubation (T0), after intubation with mechanical ventilation (T1), 90 min after incision (T2), and at the end of the operation with recovery of muscle relaxation (T3).

Perinatal outcome of fetuses with congenital high airway obstruction syndrome: a single-center experience.

Objective: To report our experience with management of fetuses with congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of fetuses who were prenatally diagnosed and postnatally confirmed with CHAOS between 2010 and 2019 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Results: Of 13 fetuses prenatally diagnosed with CHAOS, 7 were lost to follow-up and 6 were postnatally confirmed as having CHAOS.

Comparison of electroencephalogram between propofol- and thiopental-induced anesthesia for awareness risk in pregnant women.

There have been few comparative studies using electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral characteristics during the induction of general anesthesia for cesarean section. This retrospective study investigated the differences in the depth of anesthesia through EEG analysis between propofol- and thiopental-induced anesthesia. We reviewed data of 42 patients undergoing cesarean section who received either thiopental (5 mg/kg) or propofol (2 mg/kg).

Changes of diaphragmatic excursion and lung compliance during major laparoscopic pelvic surgery: A prospective observational study.

Major laparoscopic pelvic surgery requires steep Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum for a long time. We investigated the effect of Trendelenburg position with pneumoperitoneum on diaphragmatic excursion and lung compliance during major laparoscopic pelvic surgery using M-mode sonography. Twenty patients undergoing elective pelviscopic radical hysterectomy were included in this study.

intrapartum treatment procedure in two fetuses with airway obstruction.

The intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was introduced to reduce fetal hypoxic damage while establishing an airway in fetuses with upper and lower airway obstruction. Delivery of the fetal head and shoulders while maintaining the uteroplacental circulation offers time to secure the fetal airway. Here, we report two cases of EXIT procedure for fetal airway obstruction, which were successfully managed with extensive preoperative planning by a professional multidisciplinary team.

Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial of Local Anesthetic Alone or in Combination with Corticosteroid.

Background: Recently, several studies suggested that radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the genicular nerves is a safe and effective therapeutic procedure for intractable pain associated with chronic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Diagnostic genicular nerve block (GNB) with local anesthetic has been generally conducted before making decisions regarding RF ablation. Although GNB has been recently performed together with corticosteroid, the analgesic effects of corticosteroids for treating chronic pain remain controversial.

Comparison of the effect of spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia on 5-year tumor recurrence rates after transurethral resection of bladder tumors.

Non-muscle invasive bladder tumors are early-stage tumors with high recurrence rates. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) is performed under spinal or general anesthesia; however, the effect of the two anesthetic techniques on non-muscle invasive bladder tumor recurrence is unknown. Thus, we compared their effects on tumor recurrence rates five years after TURB.

Development of a scoring system to predict massive postpartum transfusion in placenta previa totalis.

Purpose: It is important to predict massive postpartum hemorrhage in patients with placenta previa totalis (PPT) and a method that accurately predicts this event is needed. The present study developed a scoring system that predicts massive transfusion in patients with PPT.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study comprised 238 patients with PPT who underwent caesarean section between January 2004 and December 2010.

Vagolytic atropine attenuates cerebral vasodilation response during acute orthostatic hypotension.

Background: Atropine is an anticholinergic drug which is commonly used in clinical practice. The effect of parasympathetic block with atropine on dynamic cerebrovascular regulation remains unclear. This study was aimed to identify effects of vagolytic atropine on cerebrovascular response during acute orthostatic hypotension in humans.

Unreliable Tracking Ability of the Third-Generation FloTrac/Vigileo™ System for Changes in Stroke Volume after Fluid Administration in Patients with High Systemic Vascular Resistance during Laparoscopic Surgery.

Background: The FloTrac/Vigileo™ system does not thoroughly reflect variable arterial tones, due to a lack of external calibration. The ability of this system to measure stroke volume and track its changes after fluid administration has not been fully evaluated in patients with the high systemic vascular resistance that can develop during laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: In 42 patients undergoing laparoscopic prostatectomy, the stroke volume derived by the third-generation FloTrac/Vigileo™ system (SV-Vigileo), the stroke volume measured using transesophageal echocardiography (SV-TEE) as a reference method, and total systemic vascular resistance were evaluated before and after 500 ml fluid administration during pneumoperitoneum combined with the Trendelenburg position.

Effect of Tracheal Cuff Shape on Intracuff Pressure Change During Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: The Tapered-Shaped Cuff Tube Versus the Cylindrical-Shaped Cuff Tube.

Background: Although the cuff of tracheal tubes can reduce airflow leakage and prevent aspiration, excessive intracuff pressure can cause tracheal mucosal injury. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) can increase intracuff pressure by the Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum. The aim of our current study was to investigate the effect of tracheal cuff shape on the intracuff pressure increase by comparing two different-shaped cuffs during RALS.

Pleiotrophin inhibits melanogenesis via Erk1/2-MITF signaling in normal human melanocytes.

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted heparin-binding protein that is involved in various biological functions of cell growth and differentiation. Little is known about the effects of PTN on the melanocyte function and skin pigmentation. In this study, we investigated whether PTN would affect melanogenesis.

Effects of transforaminal balloon treatment in patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial.

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common condition in the elderly. Although balloon treatment is a well-known therapeutic method in specific pain conditions, applying the balloon treatment in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis is not yet well established.

Objectives: We tested the therapeutic effect of transforaminal balloon treatment with a Fogarty balloon catheter on body pain and functional performance in patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis.

Oral administration of aprepitant to prevent postoperative nausea in highly susceptible patients after gynecological laparoscopy.

Purpose: The use of opioids following surgery is associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to investigate the effect of orally administered aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, for reducing PONV in patients with fentanyl-based, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) given intravenously after gynecological laparoscopy.

Methods: One hundred and twenty female patients (ages 21-60) undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly allocated to receive 80 mg (A80 group, n = 40) or 125 mg aprepitant (A125 group, n = 40) or placebo (control group, n = 40) orally 2 h before anesthesia induction.

Clinical experiences of transforaminal balloon decompression for patients with spinal stenosis.

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a commonly treated with epidural injections of local anesthetics and corticosteroids, however, these therapies may relieve leg pain for weeks to months but do not influence functional status. Furthermore, the majority of patients report no substantial symptom change over the repeated treatment. Utilizing balloon catheters, we successfully treated with three patients who complained persistent symptoms despite repeated conventional steroid injections.

Value of Bone Scintigraphy and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Lumbar Facet Disease and Prediction of Short-term Outcome of Ultrasound Guided Medial Branch Block with Bone SPECT.

Background: Facet joint disease plays a major role in axial low-back pain. Few diagnostic tests and imaging methods for identifying this condition exist. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is reported that it has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing facet disease.