Comparison of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Systems and Surface-Coated Microspheres: Improving Oral Bioavailability of Niclosamide.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) and surface-coated microspheres to improve the oral bioavailability of niclosamide.

Methods: A solubility screening study showed that liquid SNEDDS, prepared using an optimized volume ratio of corn oil, Cremophor RH40, and Tween 80 (20:24:56), formed nanoemulsions with the smallest droplet size. Niclosamide was incorporated into this liquid SNEDDS and spray-dried with calcium silicate to produce solid SNEDDS.

Identification and development of TRPM4 antagonists to counteract neuronal excitotoxicity.

Neurodegeneration in central nervous system disorders is linked to dysregulated neuronal calcium. Direct inhibition of glutamate-induced neuronal calcium influx, particularly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), has led to adverse effects and clinical trial failures. A more feasible approach is to modulate NMDAR activity or calcium signaling indirectly.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fermented and Aged Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Sprouts via Suppression of MAPK-NF-κB Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages.

Fermented and aged mountain-cultivated ginseng sprouts (FAMCGS) exhibit superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties compared to mountain-cultivated ginseng sprouts (MCGS). However, the mechanisms behind these properties of FAMCGSE remain unclear. This study explores the anti-inflammatory effects of FAMCGS extract (FAMCGSE) on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Modification of hempseed protein isolate using a novel two-stage method applying high-pressure homogenization coupled with high-intensity ultrasound.

Hempseed protein isolate (HPI), a novel plant protein, possesses advantages as an alternative food protein from a nutritional and sustainable perspective. This study investigated HPI modification by examining the effects of high-pressure homogenization combined with high-intensity ultrasound (HPH + HIU) on the physicochemical and functionality of HPI. Firstly, the optimal homogenization pressure (180 MPa) was selected based on the solubility and particle size of HPI.

Photoaging protective effect of enzyme extracted pomegranate peel against oxidative damage in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells.

In this study, the ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging inhibitory activity of pomegranate peel extract with increased ellagic acid content through enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated in HaCaT cells. Among various enzymes, Viscozyme with high tannase and β-glucosidase activities was used, and 1.0 % Viscozyme was added to hydrolyze pomegranate peel for 2 h at 40°C to establish the optimal reaction conditions for high ellagic acid content.

The effect of surgical management in mitigating fragility fracture risk among individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism predominately affects women who are postmenopausal and causes complications, including fragility fractures. Its treatment is parathyroidectomy, which is associated with low complication and >95% cure rates. Considering fractures are associated with premature death, we aimed to determine whether the surgical management of individuals with biochemical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was associated with a reduction in fracture risk.

E2F3a activates Gadd45b gene expression through PPARα-mediated transcriptional regulation in hepatic cells.

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (GADD45b) plays a critical role in intracellular events such as cell growth and apoptosis. Although the functional study of GADD45b has been conducted, the mechanism for the transcriptional regulation of GADD45b is largely unknown. Due to the drastic induction of hepatic GADD45b mRNA by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activation in wild-type mice, we investigated a key factor that affects the upregulation of GADD45b mRNA.

Impact of Ultra-High-Pressure Homogenisation on the Inactivation of and Spores in Sheep and Cow Milk.

The efficacy of ultra-high-pressure homogenisation (UHPH) in inactivating ATCC 27142 and ATCC 6633 spores suspended in sheep and cow milk was investigated. The UHPH treatment was conducted at 200 and 250 MPa with an inlet temperature of 85 °C, resulting in homogenising valve temperatures of 117 °C and 127 °C, respectively. To isolate the role of temperature and pressure in the inactivation of bacterial spores, the UHPH treatment was repeated at 250 MPa with a lower inlet temperature of 70 °C that resulted in a valve temperature of 117 °C.

Performance trends and goal achievement of health indicators in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daegu Metropolitan City.

The core goal of South Korea's health policy is equity. To this end, regional disparities in health indicators must be identified. However, as an in-depth analysis of health disparities and health indicators in Gyeongsangbuk-do and Daegu Metropolitan City is lacking, this study examined the trends in performance and goal achievement in health indicators.

Identification of late-stage tau accumulation using plasma phospho-tau217.

Background: Blood-based disease staging across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum holds the promise to identify individuals that profit from disease-modifying therapies. We set out to identify Braak V (Braak V and/or VI) tau PET-positive individuals within amyloid-β (Aβ)-positive individuals using plasma biomarkers.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 289 individuals from the TRIAD cohort and 306 individuals from the WRAP study across the AD continuum.

Protective effect of TCR-mediated MAIT cell activation during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells express semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCR) for recognizing bacterial and yeast antigens derived from riboflavin metabolites presented on the non-polymorphic MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1). Neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) is likely initiated by autoreactive T cells and perpetuated by infiltration of additional immune cells, but the precise role of MAIT cells in MS pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we use experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, and find an accumulation of MAIT cells in the inflamed central nervous system (CNS) enriched for MAIT17 (RORγt) and MAIT1/17 (T-betRORγt) subsets with inflammatory and protective features.

Aluminum-Doped Indium Oxide Electron Transport Layer Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition: Highly Efficient and Damage-Resistant Interconnection Solution for All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with 25.46% Efficiency.

In fabricating high-efficiency all-perovskite tandem solar cells (APTSCs) with a p-i-n configuration, the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in facilitating the transport of photogenerated electrons from the front cell to the recombination layer and protecting the front cell from damage during rear cell fabrication. This study introduces aluminum-doped InO (AIO) films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a promising ETL for high-efficiency APTSCs. ALD-grown AIO films with an optimized Al concentration exhibit superior charge transport characteristics, excellent transparency, and damage-resistant barrier properties against solution infiltration compared with conventional SnO ETLs and undoped ALD InO.

Nursing Students' Experiences and Perceived Learning Effectiveness of Patient Safety and Its Influencing Factors: An Integrative Literature Review.

Aim: To examine and synthesise the current literature to gain insights into nursing students' experiences, their perceived learning effectiveness of patient safety and its influencing factors.

Design: Integrative review.

Data Sources: CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases from January 2011 to October 2023.

Quality of life, clinical outcomes and cost utilization of endoscopic therapy in patients with Barrett's esophagus and early esophageal cancer-an 8-year Canadian experience.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic treatment is a definitive and cost-effective management strategy for early neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus (BE). However, little is known of its impact on quality of life (QoL). This study reports outcomes of endoscopic eradication treatment (EET), focusing on QoL and costs in a Canadian tertiary referral centre.

Development and Implementation of a Multicenter Registry for Resuscitation-Focused Transesophageal Echocardiography.

Study Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect, safety, and clinical outcomes of focused transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the evaluation of critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED) and ICUs.

Methods: We established a prospective, multicenter, observational registry involving adult critically ill patients in whom focused TEE was performed for evaluation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), inhospital cardiac arrest, evaluation of undifferentiated shock, hemodynamic monitoring, and/or procedural guidance in the ED, ICU, or operating room setting. The primary objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the clinical influence and safety of focused, point-of-care TEE in critically ill patients.

The Relationship between Upper Esophageal Sphincter Manometry Function and Esophageal Motility Disorders.

Objective: High-resolution manometry (HRM) provides measures of esophageal function which are used to classify esophageal motility disorders based on the Chicago Classification system. Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) measures are obtained from HRM, but are not included in the classification system, rendering the relationship between UES measures and esophageal motility disorders unclear. Furthermore, changes in the acceptable amount of esophageal dysfunction between versions of this classification system has created controversy.

Activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2 by Oxylipin from Leaves.

L., a member of the Anacardiaceae family, is widely cultivated across the globe. The leaves of are renowned for their medicinal properties, attributed to the abundance of bioactive compounds.

Correction to: Pancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma Presenting as a Gastric Lesion.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001319.

Comparative Study on the Postmortem Proteolysis and Shear Force during Aging of Pork and Beef Muscles.

The differences in the proteolytic patterns and shear force of pork and beef during aging were evaluated. Pork and beef muscles were obtained at 24 and 48 h postmortem, respectively, and aged at 4°C for 0 (Day 0), 7 (Day 7), and 14 days (Day 14). Changes in the electrical conductivity were observed in pork on Day 7 and beef on Day 14.