Pneumocephalus following fluoroscopy-guided lumbar epidural injection in elderly patients: two cases report and a review of Korean literatures - Two cases report.

Background: Pneumocephalus can originate from accidental dural puncture while performing epidural block using the loss-of-resistance (LOR) technique with an air-filled syringe.

Case: We present two cases of pneumocephalus after lumbar epidural block under fluoroscopy for pain control in elderly patients.

Conclusions: Lumbar epidural block should be performed under fluoroscopic guidance in elderly patients with severe lesions.

Systemic hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine versus phenylephrine in intermittent bolus doses during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Background: Norepinephrine, a potent α-adrenergic agonist with β-adrenergic effects, has recently emerged as a potential alternative to phenylephrine that does not lower cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR) during cesarean deliveries. We examined the systemic hemodynamic effects of both agents in this setting, using intermittent bolus doses to treat spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension.

Methods: A total of 56 parturients consenting to spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to phenylephrine (100 μg/ml) or norepinephrine (5 μg/ml) intermittent bolus dosing.

Evaluating Tidal Volume Delivered by a Self-Inflating Bag Depending on the Compression Method.

Background: A self-inflating bag (SIB) is an essential device for pulmonary resuscitation in emergencies. However, it is difficult for a rescuer to accurately predict a tidal volume (TV) delivered by a SIB to a patient.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate TV values delivered by a SIB with various compression methods.

The Effect of BN Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Al₂O₃ Ceramics.

In spite of many attractive properties, the low fracture toughness of Al₂O₃ ceramic below ductilebrittle transition temperature limits its wide application in industry. One of the most obvious methods to improve the fracture toughness has been to add reinforcing compounds to fabricate nanostructured composite materials. In this respect, BN was evaluated as the reinforcing agent of Al₂O₃ ceramics using pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS).

The Clinical Characteristics of Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis in the Lumbar Spine.

Background: Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare disease, defined as diffuse hypertrophy of unencapsulated adipose tissue causing spinal canal compression and progressive neurologic deficits. However, there are few studies on SEL in Korea.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of SEL in Korea.

The Effect of Ball Milling on Properties and Consolidation of Nanostructured ZrB₂.

ZrB₂ powders were milled using high-energy ball for various durations and consolidated using the pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS). The effects of milling on the sintering behavior and crystallite size ZrO₂ powders were investigated. A nanostructured dense ZrB₂ specimen with a relative density of up to 97% was readily achieved within 3 min.

Guided Bone Regeneration Using Demineralized Dentin Matrix: Long-Term Follow-Up.

Purpose: This case report reviews the long-term clinical outcomes of using demineralized dentin matrix (autogenous tooth bone graft material [AutoBT]) in 5 cases that were first reported in 2010.

Materials And Methods: Cone-beam computerized tomography was used to measure the height and width of the graft to determine the change in bone area from immediately after surgery to final follow-up (average, 5 yr 5.8 months).

Autogenous tooth bone graft block for sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant installation: a technical note.

In cases of severe alveolar bone atrophy in the posterior maxillary area, which has only a thin sinus floor, the autogenous tooth bone graft block (ABTB) was used to wrap the implant to enhance its primary stability and osseointegration in the sinus. These cases with four years of clinical follow-up demonstrate the applicability of the ABTB in maxillary sinus membrane elevation to improve the outcomes of implant placement.

Single-material zinc sulfide bi-layer antireflection coatings for GaAs solar cells.

We demonstrated the efficiency improvement of GaAs single-junction (SJ) solar cells with the single-material zinc sulfide (ZnS) bi-layer based on the porous/dense film structure, which was fabricated by the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method, as an antireflection (AR) coating layer. The porous ZnS film with a low refractive index was formed at a high incident vapor flux angle of 80° in the GLAD. Each optimum thickness of ZnS bi-layer was determined by achieving the lowest solar weighted reflectance (SWR) using a rigorous coupled-wave analysis method in the wavelength region of 350-900 nm, extracting the thicknesses of 20 and 50 nm for dense and porous films, respectively.

Fluid extravasation caused by bladder perforation during bipolar transurethral resection using saline solution -a case report-.

Transurethral resection of the prostate is the gold standard in the operative management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate using saline solution is a safe technique and reduces the risk of transurethral resection syndrome. This report discusses a rare complication of bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate: the extravasation of 0.

A case of back pain caused by Salmonella spondylitis -A case report-.

Salmonella spondylitis is a rare illness, and it generally occurs in patients who have already had sickle cell anemia, and it is even rarer in patients who are without sickle cell anemia. A 61-year-old male patient was hospitalized for the evaluation of his renal function and then treatment was started for his back pain. His back pain had developed about 2 months previously without any specific trauma.

Cervical myelopathy due to single level prolapsed disc and spondylosis: a comparative study on outcome between two groups.

This article describes a retrospective study on myelopathy, induced by monosegmental prolapsed disc and spondylosis. To assess pre- and postoperative clinical and radiological findings related to myelopathy, and factors influencing the outcome, 20 disc herniation (group A) and 11 spondylosis patients (group B) were studied. Average duration of myelopathy in groups A and B were 3 and 8.

Cervical myelopathy secondary to atlas hypoplasia - reports of 3 adult cases -.

There have been paucity of reports on atlas hypoplasia, and as a result this condition is not clearly defined, nor well understood. The authors reported three cases of atlas hypoplasia that were found in adults who presented with myelopathic symptoms. On radiographic examination, it was found that the anterior-posterior diameter of the atlas was remarkably narrower in all three cases in comparison with normal persons.

Surgical correction of fixed kyphosis.

Study Design: A retrospective review was carried out on 23 patients with rigid fixed kyphosis who underwent surgical correction for their deformity.

Purpose: To report the results of surgical correction of fixed kyphosis according to the surgical approaches or methods.

Overview Of Literature: Surgical correction of fixed kyphosis is more dangerous than the correction of any other spinal deformity because of the high incidence of paraplegia.

Expression and distribution of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyp.

Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) may play a role in the defense of normal human nasal mucosa against external noxious stimuli. Based on the fact that normal nasal mucosa is continuously exposed to inhaled toxicants and contains a considerable number of inflammatory cells, Trx and TrxR may be upregulated even in normal nasal mucosa and perhaps the difference in their expression levels between normal nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, if it exists at all, is small and therefore difficult to detect. Further studies will be needed to clarify the roles of Trx and TrxR in the pathogenesis of nasal polyp.

Expression and distribution of ion transport mRNAs in human nasal mucosa and nasal polyps.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the electrogenic kidney Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter (kNBC), KCl cotransporter (KCC1 and -4) and Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC1, -2, -3) mRNAs are expressed in normal nasal mucosa and nasal polyp, suggesting that altered expression of all CaCC mRNAs in nasal polyp may cause impaired electrolyte and water transport across the epithelial cells.

Objective: Electrolyte transport by nasal epithelia has been suggested to be important for controlling the quantity and composition of the nasal fluid and may play an important role in the development of nasal polyps. Transepithelial transport of ions and water in various fluid-transporting epithelia is strictly dependent on the localization of specific membrane proteins in the polarized epithelial cells.

Biological activity in traditional Alaska pollack sikhae during low temperature fermentation.

Biological activity was examined on Alaska pollack sikhae produced with 4 treatments (by irradiating at 5 or 10 kGy, or by adding either 0.1 or 0.3% of chitooligosaccharide), compared with control (2-step fermentation only) during fermentation at -2 degrees C.