Amifostine and Melatonin Prevent Acute Salivary Gland Dysfunction 10 Days After Radiation Through Anti-Ferroptosis and Anti-Ferritinophagy Effects.

Irradiation of the head and neck inevitably leads to decreased salivary gland function. It is postulated that radiation generates excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces salivary gland function by ferroptosis, a new cell death mechanism; however, research in this area is currently lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of amifostine and melatonin on acute salivary gland dysfunction and ferroptosis.

Analysis of risk factors for disease progression after salvage radiation therapy with androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients who have prostate-specific antigen persistence after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: To assess risk factors of disease progression after salvage radiation therapy (SRT) with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in case of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) persistence after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 57 patients who received SRT with ADT between 2013 and 2019 due to PSA persistence after RP. The endpoint was disease progression defined by biochemical recurrence or clinical recurrence.

Use of a pressure sensor array for multifunctional patient monitoring in radiotherapy: A feasibility study.

Background: Modern radiotherapeutic techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic body radiotherapy, require high-dose delivery precision. However, the precise localization of tumors during patient respiration remains a challenge. Therefore, it is essential to investigate effective methods for monitoring respiration to minimize potential complications.

Changing trends in the management of ductal carcinoma in situ in Republic of Korea: a comprehensive analysis using Health Insurance Review and Assessment data [2009-2020].

Background: Increasing rates of diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), given the widespread use of mammography, is a global trend. Various attempts have been made in the selection of surgical methods and application of radiation therapy (RT), and the prevalence of infectious diseases has also affected these attempts. This study aimed to investigate evolving treatment patterns and trends in the management of DCIS in South Korea.

Exciton-Sensitized Second-Harmonic Generation in 2D Heterostructures.

The efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, coupled with their atomic thickness, which circumvents the phase-match problem, has garnered considerable attention. While various 2D heterostructures have shown promising applications in photodetectors, switching electronics, and photovoltaics, the modulation of nonlinear optical properties in such heterosystems remains unexplored. In this study, we investigate exciton-sensitized SHG in heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), where photoexcitation of one donor layer enhances the SHG response of the other as an acceptor.

A malignant glomus tumor in the nasal cavity responding to radiation therapy.

Malignant glomus tumors of the head and neck are extremely rare, and to our knowledge, a response to high-dose radiation has not been described previously. We report one case in an 80-year-old woman with right nasal cavity mass. Histological examination revealed sheets of atypical round glomus cells.

Low albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio is associated with inferior prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer underwent concurrent chemoradiation: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Low albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is associated with tumor progression and poor survival outcome in some malignancies.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the prognostic value of AAPR in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 342 patients with HNC treated with definitive or adjuvant CCRT from 2007 to 2017.

Predictive Power of the Albumin-Bilirubin Score for Hepatotoxicity in Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Assessment of liver function is crucial in predicting treatment outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score for predicting hepatotoxicity following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in HCC patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 HCC cases treated between 2018 and 2020.

Adaptive Image Rescaling for Weakly Contrast-Enhanced Lesions in Dedicated Breast CT: A Phantom Study.

Purpose: Dedicated breast CT is an emerging volumetric X-ray imaging modality for diagnosis that does not require any painful breast compression. To improve the detection rate of weakly enhanced lesions, an adaptive image rescaling (AIR) technique was proposed.

Materials And Methods: Two disks containing five identical holes and five holes of different diameters were scanned using 60/100 kVp to obtain single-energy CT (SECT), dual-energy CT (DECT), and AIR images.

Incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment for breast cancer: A Korean population-based study.

This Korean population-based study aimed to describe the patterns of hypothyroidism after adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in patients with breast cancer. The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database was searched for patients with invasive breast carcinomas. We calculated the cumulative incidence and incidence rates per 1,000 person-years of subsequent hypothyroidism and compared them using the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model.

Influence of respiratory movement during post mastectomy radiotherapy on targets and heart for breast cancer.

Background/aim: This study aimed to compare the dosimetric consequences of respiratory movement in volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) during postmastectomy radiation therapy, including internal mammary nodes (IMNs).

Materials And Methods: Respiratory motion was implemented to a phantom using a dynamic device. The plans were delivered during cranial-caudal and ventral-dorsal movement in 5-mm (R05) and 10-mm (R10) amplitudes.

Histological and impedance changes of skeletal muscle by whole-body critical irradiation in a rat model.

In this study, the electrical resistance of the whole body and histological changes of skeletal muscle were investigated in rats according to the increase in radiation dose. A total of 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats (5-weeks-old) were randomly divided into 5 groups (each, n = 3). Each group received 1 Gy, 5 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy systemic exposure, and the non-irradiated group was used as a control for morphological comparison.

Prognostic value of the maximum standardized uptake value for the locoregional control in early glottic cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for locoregional control (LRC) of early glottic cancer treated with primary radiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 101 patients with T1-T2N0 glottic cancer treated with helical tomotherapy between 2013 and 2016. The clinical T-stages were T1 in 87 (86.

Risk factors for primary site necrosis after definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Objective: To identify risk factors of primary site necrosis (PSN) after definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) in patients with nonoral cavity head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 256 patients treated with CCRT for HNC during 2010-2018. Patient-related (age, sex, history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum hemoglobin and albumin), tumor-related (tumor site, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage), and treatment-related (induction chemotherapy, maximum point dose and mean dose of planning target volume [PTV] of primary site, absolute volumes of the PTV receiving >50-75 Gy [V-V]) variables were analyzed.

Radiotherapy dose-volume parameters predict facial lymphedema after concurrent chemoradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: To investigate risk factors for developing radiation-associated facial lymphedema (FL) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT).

Methods: Clinical data from 87 patients who underwent definitive CCRT for NPC in 2010-2018 was retrospectively evaluated. FL severity was graded using MD Anderson Cancer Center head and neck lymphedema rating scale.

Pattern of local recurrence after mastectomy and reconstruction in breast cancer patients: a systematic review.

Background: This study aimed to describe the locations of local recurrences based on the mastectomy and reconstruction type in breast cancer patients.

Methods: In November 2020, a systematic literature review was performed through MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane Centre Register of Controlled Trials. Publications that included skin-sparing or nipple-sparing mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction and described the location of local recurrences were analyzed.

Comparison of local recurrence after mastectomy for pure ductal carcinoma with close or positive margins: A meta-analysis.

Background: There is controversy regarding the relationship between margin status and risk of local recurrence (LR) in patients with Ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) treated by mastectomy.

Purpose: We sought to assess the LR rates for patients with DCIS breast cancer treated by mastectomy with respect to the resection margin (RM) status.

Materials And Methods: Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library published was performed.

Second-Harmonic Young's Interference in Atom-Thin Heterocrystals.

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process that converts two identical photons into a new one with doubled frequency. Two-dimensional semiconductors represented by transition-metal dichalcogenides are highly efficient SHG media because of their excitonic resonances. Using spectral phase interferometry, here we directly show that SHG in heterobilayers of MoS and WS is governed by optical interference between two coherent SH fields that are phase-delayed differently in each material.

Adjuvant external beam radiation and brachytherapy for vaginal resection margin positive cervical cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and vaginal brachytherapy (VB) following radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer patients with involved vaginal resection margin (VRM). Materials and.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 21 patients treated with postoperative EBRT and VB for positive VRM FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer between 2003 and 2015.

Generation of polychromatic projection for dedicated breast computed tomography simulation using anthropomorphic numerical phantom.

Numerical simulations are fundamental to the development of medical imaging systems because they can save time and effort in research and development. In this study, we developed a method of creating the virtual projection images that are necessary to study dedicated breast computed tomography (BCT) systems. Anthropomorphic software breast phantoms of the conventional compression type were synthesized and redesigned to meet the requirements of dedicated BCT systems.

Interface-Confined Doubly Anisotropic Oxidation of Two-Dimensional MoS.

Despite their importance, chemical reactions confined in a low dimensional space are elusive and experimentally intractable. In this work, we report doubly anisotropic, in-plane and out-of-plane, oxidation reactions of two-dimensional crystals, by resolving interface-confined thermal oxidation of a single and multilayer MoS supported on silica substrates from their conventional surface reaction. Using optical second-harmonic generation spectroscopy of artificially stacked multilayers, we directly proved that crystallographically oriented triangular oxides (TOs) were formed in the bottommost layer while triangular etch pits (TEs) were generated in the topmost layer and that both structures were terminated with zigzag edges.

Chemoradiotherapy versus surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy in tonsil cancer: Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG) study.

Background: Treatment of tonsil cancer, a subset of oropahryngeal cancer, varies between surgery and radiotherapy. Well-designed studies in tonsil cancer have been rare and it is still controversial which treatment is optimal. This study aimed to assess the outcome and failure patterns in tonsil cancer patients treated with either approaches.

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Radiation Nephropathy in Rats.

The kidney is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the abdominal cavity and is the dose-limiting structure in cancer patients receiving abdominal or total body irradiation. In the present study, the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on radiation nephropathy was evaluated in rats. A total of 72 rats were equally randomized into 4 groups: Control, CoQ10, irradiation with 10 Gy (RT) + placebo, or RT + CoQ10.

Birch-Type Hydrogenation of Few-Layer Graphenes: Products and Mechanistic Implications.

Few-layer graphenes, supported on Si with a superficial oxide layer, were subjected to a Birch-type reduction using Li and HO as the electron and proton donors, respectively. The extent of hydrogenation for bilayer graphene was estimated at 1.6-24.