Learning curve for biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy determined using the cumulative summation test.

Background: Learning curves describe the rate of performance improvements corresponding to the surgeon's caseload, followed by a plateau where limited further improvements are observed. This study aimed to determine the learning curve for biportal full-endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (BE-PCF) for the unilateral cervical foraminal disc.

Methods: The learning curve was evaluated using a learning curve cumulative summation test (LC-CUSUM).

How I do it: biportal endoscopic paraspinal approach for recurrent lumbar disc herniation following percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy.

Background: Although percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) has been popularized as an alternative to microscopic lumbar discectomy, it has been reported to be associated with a re-herniation rate of 5-11%. Recurrent lumbar disc herniation (RLDH) might occur not only at the same level previously operated upon but also at the annular penetration site created during PELD procedures.

Method: Biportal endoscopic paraspinal approach (BE-Para) was used for revisional foraminal lumbar discectomy.