Outcome of Locking Plate Fixation Adjunctive to Intramedullary Rodding in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Patients.

Background: An intramedullary rodding is the preferred fixation method in limb stabilization of OI patients. However, the intramedullary rod may not provide adequate fixation and rotational stability, especially in adolescents and adults. The incorporation of adjunctive plate fixation alongside intramedullary rodding has been introduced to enhance this stability, although its complications remain insufficiently understood.

Relationship between talofibular impingement and increased talar tilt in incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis.

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between talofibular impingement and increased talar tilt in incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis. Incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis was defined as a talar tilt of more than 4° on standard ankle anteroposterior radiographs. We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients with unilateral incongruent varus ankle osteoarthritis with normal alignment of the contralateral ankle.

Plexin-A4 mediates amyloid-β-induced tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease animal model.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have revealed that Aβ accelerates pathological tau transition and spreading during the disease progression, and that reducing tau can mitigate pathological features of AD. However, molecular links between Aβ and tau pathologies remain elusive.

Calcifying characteristics of peripheral vascular smooth muscle cells of chronic kidney disease patients with critical limb ischemia.

The role of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vascular calcification, which is related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), has been studied in greater detail in the major arteries relative to the peripheral arteries. We compared the calcifying characteristics of peripheral VSMCs relative to non-pathologic major VSMCs in patients with severe peripheral artery disease (PAD). We isolated peripheral VSMCs from the posterior tibial artery of 10 patients with CKD who underwent below-knee amputation for critical limb ischemia (CLI).

Quantitative evaluation of posterior talar subluxation in posterior malleolar fractures: A preliminary study.

Backgrounds: Although ankle posterior subluxation is one of the major mechanisms by which posterior malleolar fractures (PMF) contribute to a worse prognosis, there is no parameter to address it quantitatively. So, we suggest a method that can evaluate posterior talar subluxation quantitatively in PMF.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 37 patients with posterior malleolar fractures.

Acetylation changes tau interactome to degrade tau in Alzheimer's disease animal and organoid models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. The most common pathological hallmarks are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. In the brains of patients with AD, pathological tau is abnormally accumulated causing neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline.

Clinical Utility of the Korean Version of the WHO Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale Screener.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the 18-item Korean version of the World Health Organization adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder self-report scale (ASRS) with the six-item ASRS Screener for predicting attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) group.

Methods: The study sample included 51 adult patients with ADHD and 158 normal controls. All participants completed the ASRS and were interviewed individually using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Increased acetylation of Peroxiredoxin1 by HDAC6 inhibition leads to recovery of Aβ-induced impaired axonal transport.

Background: Reduction or inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to rescue memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is recently being considered a possible therapeutic strategy. However, the restoring mechanism of HDAC6 inhibition has not been fully understood.

Methods And Results: Here, we found that an anti-oxidant protein Peroxdiredoxin1 (Prx1), a substrate of HDAC6, malfunctions in Aβ treated cells, the brains of 5xFAD AD model mice and AD patients.

Annexin A1 restores Aβ -induced blood-brain barrier disruption through the inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of brain capillary endothelial cells and has an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the brain separating the blood from the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). It is widely known that disruption of the BBB occurs in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Annexin A1 (ANXA1), an anti-inflammatory messenger, is expressed in brain endothelial cells and regulates the BBB integrity.

Family Access to a Dentist Study (FADS): A multi-center randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Many low-income parent/caregivers do not understand the importance of cavity-free primary (baby) teeth and the chronic nature of dental caries (tooth decay). As a consequence, dental preventive and treatment utilization is low even when children are screened in schools and referred for care. This study aims to test a referral letter and Dental Information Guide (DIG) designed using the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) framework to improve caregivers' illness perception of dental caries and increase utilization of care by children with restorative dental needs.

Neonatal Serum Phosphorus Levels and Enamel Defects in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants miss out on the period of greatest mineral accretion that occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy and are at higher risk of enamel defects. No studies have well described the relationship between neonatal nutrition and dental outcomes in preterm, VLBW infants. The objective of this study was to assess the differences in nutrition biomarkers, feeding intake, and comorbidities among VLBW infants with and without enamel defects.

Caregiver's education level and child's dental caries in African Americans: a path analytic study.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of caregiver education level on children's dental caries mediated by both caregiver and child oral health behaviors. Participants were 423 low-income African American kindergarteners and their caregivers who were part of a school-based randomized clinical trial. Path analysis tested the hypothesis that caregiver education level affected untreated dental caries and cumulative overall caries experience (decayed or filled teeth) through the mediating influence of frequency of dental visits, use of routine care, and frequency of toothbrushing for both the caregiver and the child.

Serious psychological distress as a barrier to dental care in community-dwelling adults in the United States.

Objectives: To examine whether serious psychological distress (SPD), a nonspecific indicator of past year mental health problems, was associated with subsequent dental care utilization, dental expenditures, and unmet dental needs.

Methods: We analyzed data from panel 13 thru 15 of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey -Household Component (n=31,056). SPD was defined as a score of 13 or higher on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).

The effectiveness of xylitol in a school-based cluster-randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The purpose of this double-blind, cluster-randomized clinical trial was to examine the effects of xylitol gummy bear snacks on dental caries progression in primary and permanent teeth of inner-city school children.

Methods: A total of 562 children aged 5-6 years were recruited from five elementary schools in East Cleveland, Ohio. Children were randomized by classroom to receive xylitol (7.

CLIF-SOFA scoring system accurately predicts short-term mortality in acutely decompensated patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a retrospective analysis.

Background & Aims: Accurate prognostication of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is essential for therapeutic decisions. Our aim was to validate a novel scoring system for predicting mortality, the chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA), in a population of Asian patients with ACLF.

Methods: A total of 345 patients with acutely decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis were selected for study, comparing areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of CLIF-SOFA and five existing scoring systems for end-stage liver disease [model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), MELD-Na, Refit-MELD, Refit-MELD-Na, and Child-Turcotte-Pugh].

Community factors predicting dental care utilization among older adults.

Background: Few investigators have studied the influence of community factors on dental care utilization among older adults. The authors' objective in this study was to investigate the effect of community factors on dental care utilization after adjustment for individual factors.

Methods: Using data from a cross-sectional survey of Ohio residents, the authors assessed dental care utilization in a sample of 2,166 adults 65 years or older.

Agreement between photographic and clinical examinations in detecting developmental defects of enamel in infants.

Objectives: This study assesses the reliability of photographic method with clinical examinations in detecting developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the anterior primary teeth of infants.

Methods: The study sample was a part of an ongoing longitudinal study to assess risk factors for early childhood caries, and consisted of 138 and 238 infants who had scheduled follow-up visits at approximately 8 and 18-20 months corrected age, respectively. The modified DDE Index was used to record enamel defects (opacity, hypoplasia, and all types of defects) on anterior primary teeth by trained dentist examiners.

HDAC6 inhibitor blocks amyloid beta-induced impairment of mitochondrial transport in hippocampal neurons.

Even though the disruption of axonal transport is an important pathophysiological factor in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), the relationship between disruption of axonal transport and pathogenesis of AD is poorly understood. Considering that α-tubulin acetylation is an important factor in axonal transport and that Aβ impairs mitochondrial axonal transport, we manipulated the level of α-tubulin acetylation in hippocampal neurons with Aβ cultured in a microfluidic system and examined its effect on mitochondrial axonal transport. We found that inhibiting histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which deacetylates α-tubulin, significantly restored the velocity and motility of the mitochondria in both anterograde and retrograde axonal transports, which would be otherwise compromised by Aβ.