A randomized controlled clinical evaluation of desensitization efficacy of a newly developed toothpaste with highly stabilized SnF₂.

Purpose: To assess the relief of dentin hypersensitivity of the new toothpaste with stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF₂) versus a marketed standard fluoride toothpaste as a negative control and a marketed anhydrous SnF₂ toothpaste as a positive control.

Methods: This was a single-centered, randomized, controlled, double blind, clinical trial. 96 participants with hypersensitivity were enrolled in this 4-week clinical study.

Tooth wear and cleaning effect of an abrasive-free dentifrice.

Background/purpose: To evaluate the degree of wear on human teeth and the cleaning effect of abrasive-free dentifrice. A sodium pyrophosphate and cellulose-containing abrasive-free dentifrice and calcium carbonate-containing control dentifrice were evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Dentin and enamel specimens were subjected to 109,500 successive double strokes and 5480 double strokes in pH-cycling condition.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and chronic irritability in youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder.

Objective: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis in the DSM-5. Youth with a family history of bipolar disorder (BD) are at increased risk for BD and non-bipolar psychopathology. No studies to date have examined rates of DMDD among offspring of parents with BD.

Effects of comorbid anxiety disorders on the longitudinal course of pediatric bipolar disorders.

Objective: To examine the longitudinal effects of comorbid anxiety disorders in youth with bipolar spectrum disorder (BP).

Method: As part of the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study, 413 youth, who were 7 through 17 years or age and who met criteria for DSM-IV BP-I (n = 244), BP-II (n = 28), and operationally defined bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) (n = 141) were included. Subjects were followed on average 5 years using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation.

Predictors of first-onset substance use disorders during the prospective course of bipolar spectrum disorders in adolescents.

Objective: Substance use disorders (SUD) are common and problematic in bipolar disorder (BP). We prospectively examined predictors of first-onset SUD among adolescents with BP.

Method: Adolescents (12-17 years old; N = 167) in the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study fulfilling criteria for BP-I, BP-II, or operationalized BP not otherwise specified, without SUD at intake, were included.

Mood lability among offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and community controls.

Objectives: Early identification of bipolar disorder (BP) symptomatology is crucial for improving the prognosis of this illness. Increased mood lability has been reported in BP. However, mood lability is ubiquitous across psychiatric disorders and may be a marker of severe psychopathology and not specific to BP.

Factors associated with the persistence and onset of new anxiety disorders in youth with bipolar spectrum disorders.

Objective: Anxiety disorders are among the most common comorbid conditions in youth with bipolar disorder, but, to our knowledge, no studies examined the course of anxiety disorders in youth and adults with bipolar disorder.

Method: As part of the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study, 413 youth, ages 7 to 17 years who met criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) bipolar I disorder (n = 244), bipolar II disorder (n = 28), and operationally defined bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (n = 141) were recruited primarily from outpatient clinics. Subjects were followed on average for 5 years using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation.

Course of subthreshold bipolar disorder in youth: diagnostic progression from bipolar disorder not otherwise specified.

Objective: To determine the rate of diagnostic conversion from an operationalized diagnosis of bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) to bipolar I disorder (BP-I) or bipolar II disorder (BP-II) in youth over prospective follow-up and to identify factors associated with conversion.

Method: Subjects were 140 children and adolescents recruited from clinical referrals or advertisement who met operationalized criteria for BP-NOS at intake and participated in at least one follow-up evaluation (91% of initial cohort). Diagnoses were assessed at follow-up interviews using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation.

Comorbid anxiety in children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders: prevalence and clinical correlates.

Objective: Anxiety disorders are among the most common comorbid conditions in youth with bipolar disorder. We aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of comorbid anxiety disorders among youth with bipolar disorder.

Method: As part of the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth study, 446 youth, ages 7 to 17 years, who met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I disorder (n = 260) or bipolar II disorder (n = 32) or met operationalized criteria for bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (n = 154) were included.

Four-year longitudinal course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders: the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) study.

Objective: The authors sought to assess the longitudinal course of youths with bipolar spectrum disorders over a 4-year period.

Method: At total of 413 youths (ages 7-17 years) with bipolar I disorder (N=244), bipolar II disorder (N=28), and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (N=141) were enrolled in the study. Symptoms were ascertained retrospectively on average every 9.