Unsupervised Spiking Neural Network with Dynamic Learning of Inhibitory Neurons.

A spiking neural network (SNN) is a type of artificial neural network that operates based on discrete spikes to process timing information, similar to the manner in which the human brain processes real-world problems. In this paper, we propose a new spiking neural network (SNN) based on conventional, biologically plausible paradigms, such as the leaky integrate-and-fire model, spike timing-dependent plasticity, and the adaptive spiking threshold, by suggesting new biological models; that is, dynamic inhibition weight change, a synaptic wiring method, and Bayesian inference. The proposed network is designed for image recognition tasks, which are frequently used to evaluate the performance of conventional deep neural networks.

Photoinduced α-C-H Amination of Cyclic Amine Scaffolds Enabled by Polar-Radical Relay.

Herein, we report a polar-radical relay strategy for α-C-H amination of cyclic amines with N-chloro-N-sodio-carbamates. The relay is initiated by in situ generation of cyclic iminium intermediate using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) oxidant as an initiator, which then operates through a series of polar (addition and elimination) and radical (homolysis, hydrogen- and halogen atom transfer) reactions to enable the challenging C-N bond formation in a controlled manner. A broad range of α-amino cyclic amines were readily accessed with excellent regioselectivity, and the superb applicability was further demonstrated by functionalization of biologically relevant compounds.

Effects of resuscitation guideline terminology on pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of resuscitation guideline terminology on pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance.

Methods: This was a prospective randomised crossover simulation trial. A total of 32 medical doctors conducted 2-min single-rescuer CPR using the one-handed chest compression technique (OHCC) or two-handed chest compression technique (THCC) on a pediatric manikin.

Effect of the Use of Metronome Feedback on the Quality of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Although the use of audio feedback with devices such as metronomes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a simple method for improving CPR quality, its effect on the quality of pediatric CPR has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, 64 healthcare providers performed CPR (with one- and two-handed chest compression (OHCC and THCC, respectively)) on a pediatric resuscitation manikin (Resusci Junior QCPR), with and without audio feedback using a metronome (110 beats/min). CPR was performed on the floor, with a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2.

Differences in the performance of resuscitation according to the resuscitation guideline terminology during infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation: "Approximately 4 cm" versus "at least one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest".

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of resuscitation guideline terminology on the performance of infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Methods: A total of 40 intern or resident physicians conducted 2-min CPR with the two-finger technique (TFT) and two-thumb technique (TT) on a simulated infant cardiac arrest model with a 1-day interval. They were randomly assigned to Group A or B.

Supra-acetabular line is better than supra-iliac line for coronal balance referencing-a study of perioperative whole spine X-rays in degenerative lumbar scoliosis and ankylosing spondylitis patients.

Background Context: The aim of spinal deformity correction is to restore the spine's functional alignment by balancing it in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Regardless of posture, the ideal coronal profile is straight, and therefore readily assessable.

Purpose: This study compares two radiological methods to determine which better predicts postoperative standing coronal balance.

The recovery of damaged paraspinal muscles by posterior surgical treatment for patients with lumbar degenerative diseases and its clinical consequence.

Background: Posterior lumbar surgery can lead to damage on paraspinal muscles.

Objective: Our study aimed to examine the recovery in the denervated paraspinal muscles by posterior lumbar surgery and to determine that of improvement in the lower back pain (LBP).

Methods: Depending on surgical treatments, the patients were divided into two groups: The group I (interspinous implantation with decompression) and II (posterior lumbar interbody fusion with decompression).

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Factors in Korean Career Firefighters in Comparisons With Other Occupational Groups.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its relationships with socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors in firefighters comparing it to general workers.

Methods: Data from 257 Korean men career firefighters and 1064 Korean men workers were analyzed.

Results: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MS between firefighters (21.