Phenology and Breeding Mechanisms of Becc. and Becc.

The floral biology of is relatively unknown except for several species. In this study, and were selected to represent the non-climbing rattan of the Sundaland's flagellate group. Observations on phenology, floral rewards and floral visitors as well as experiments on the breeding mechanism and operational sex ratio were performed for both species.

Target sequence data shed new light on the infrafamilial classification of Araceae.

Premise: Recent phylogenetic studies of the Araceae have confirmed the position of the duckweeds nested within the aroids, and the monophyly of a clade containing all the unisexual flowered aroids plus the bisexual-flowered Calla palustris. The main objective of the present study was to better resolve the deep phylogenetic relationships among the main lineages within the family, particularly the relationships between the eight currently recognized subfamilies. We also aimed to confirm the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Calla in relation to the long-debated evolutionary transition between bisexual and unisexual flowers in the family.

A new Haniffia species (Zingiberaceae) and a new generic record from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.

Background: Haniffia Holttum is a genus of three described species of terrestrial gingers hitherto restricted to Peninsular Thailand and various localities in Peninsular Malaysia.

Results: With generic placement confirmed using nrITS, trn K and mat K plastid sequence data, Haniffia santubongensis S.Y.

and (Araceae: Schismatoglottideae): A new example for the significance of pollen morphology in Araceae systematics.

Pollen characters in Araceae accord well with recent DNA-based phylogenies, and here we provide a new example of "compass needle" quality in Araceae on the basis of two closely related genera, and . All investigated pollen is psilate (smooth pollen surface) with calcium crystals covering the pollen surface. By contrast, pollen of species transferred to recently resurrected ( and ) is distinctively echinate (spiny).