The feasibility and effectiveness of telecare consultations in a nurse-led post-acute stroke clinic.

Background: Telecare may provide an alternative to maintaining post-acute stroke care services in making benefit to both the providers and the stroke survivors, although study is needed to investigate its feasibility and effectiveness in integrating this innovative delivery mode into a routine.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of telecare consultations in a nurse-led post-acute stroke clinic.

Methods: A pre- and post-test one group quasi-experimental design was adopted.

Inhibitory KIRs decrease HLA class II-mediated protection in Type 1 Diabetes.

Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) are a family of inhibitory receptors that are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and late-stage differentiated T cells. There is accumulating evidence that iKIRs regulate T cell-mediated immunity. Recently, we reported that T cell-mediated control was enhanced by iKIRs in chronic viral infections.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Cutaneous Malignant Neoplasms After Blood or Marrow Transplant.

Importance: Cutaneous malignant neoplasms are the most common subsequent neoplasm after blood or marrow transplant (BMT), but a full assessment among survivors is lacking.

Objective: To identify risk factors for subsequent cutaneous malignant neoplasms using the BMT Survivor Study (BMTSS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent transplant from 1974 to 2014 at City of Hope, University of Minnesota, or University of Alabama at Birmingham and survived 2 years or longer, as well as a comparison cohort of siblings.

Reducing severe intraventricular haemorrhage rates in <26-week preterm infants with bedside assessment and care bundle implementation.

Aim: To assess staff adherence to a 'Preterm Brain Injury Prevention Bundle', and its effectiveness in reducing severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) rates and risk factors in extremely preterm infants born at <26 weeks' gestation.

Methods: Adherence to the bundle was assessed using a novel bedside assessment tool, with immediate feedback to bedside staff post-assessment. Data on IVH rates and associated risk factors were stratified by IVH severity, and compared between pre- and post-bundle implementation.

An explainable deep learning platform for molecular discovery.

Deep learning approaches have been increasingly applied to the discovery of novel chemical compounds. These predictive approaches can accurately model compounds and increase true discovery rates, but they are typically black box in nature and do not generate specific chemical insights. Explainable deep learning aims to 'open up' the black box by providing generalizable and human-understandable reasoning for model predictions.

Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Over 5 Million Patients Across Different Clinical Settings.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a commonly seen condition in the natural course of cirrhosis associated with unfavourable outcomes.

Aims: To evaluate and compare the pooled mortality rates of patients with cirrhosis, with versus without AKI, across different clinical settings and diagnostic criteria.

Methods: A systematic search of several databases was performed up to Oct 2023.

Role of pentoxifylline in neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: a systematic review of animal studies.

We systematically reviewed the evidence from animal studies assessing the effects of pentoxifylline on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized and quasi randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in December 2023 to determine the effects of pentoxifylline in animal models of HIE. The quality of the included studies was assessed via the SYRCLE risk of bias (ROB) tool.

Spatiotemporal evolution and transmission dynamics of Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants contributing to sequential outbreaks in Cambodia during 2021.

Background: Tracking the emergence, introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are essential for informing public health strategies. In 2021, Cambodia faced two major epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 triggered by the successive rise of the Alpha and Delta variants.

Methods: Phylodynamic analysis of 1,163 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Cambodia, along with global sequences, were conducted between February and September 2021 to infer viral introductions, molecular epidemiology and population dynamics.

Factors associated with self-reported suboptimal antiretroviral adherence and limited retention in care among people living with HIV who attend a large ART clinic in Panama City, Panama.

Background: The prevalence of HIV in Panama is estimated to be 1.0%; only 71% of individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) were virally suppressed in 2022. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of suboptimal adherence (≥1 missed doses in previous four weeks) and limited retention in HIV care (≥1 missed HIV care appointments in previous 12 months) among adults (aged ≥18 years) who attended the most populous urban ART Clinic in Panama City.

Sex Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perception of Ascites Burden Among Outpatients With Decompensated Cirrhosis and Ascites.

Introduction: Perception of the ascites burden and its effects on quality of life may be different between sexes. This study assessed sex differences in perception of ascites burden and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with recurrent or refractory ascites.

Methods: The North American Consortium for the Study of End-stage Liver Disease prospectively enrolled outpatients with cirrhosis and large ascites requiring repeat large volume paracenteses.

Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates insulin-directed cellular autoimmunity in murine type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by autoreactive T cells. As an autoantigen with extremely high expression in beta cells, insulin triggers and sustains the autoimmune CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and islet inflammation. We have previously shown that deficiency for insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a ubiquitous cytosolic protease with very high affinity for insulin, induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and proliferation in islet cells and protects non-obese diabetic mice (NOD) from diabetes.

Accurate RNA 3D structure prediction using a language model-based deep learning approach.

Accurate prediction of RNA three-dimensional (3D) structures remains an unsolved challenge. Determining RNA 3D structures is crucial for understanding their functions and informing RNA-targeting drug development and synthetic biology design. The structural flexibility of RNA, which leads to the scarcity of experimentally determined data, complicates computational prediction efforts.

Effectiveness of the Support From Community Health Workers and Health Care Professionals on the Sustained Use of Wearable Monitoring Devices Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The wearable monitoring device (WMD) is emerging as a promising tool for community-dwelling older adults to monitor personal health, enhance awareness of their activities, and promote healthy behaviors. However, the sustained use of WMDs among this population remains a significant challenge.

Objective: This study aims to implement an interventional program that promotes and motivates the continued use of WMDs among older adults through a peer and professional support approach.

A comprehensive nurse-led aftercare programme addressing post-burn sexual well-being of adult burn survivors: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Sexual well-being is a key part of being human yet often remains shrouded in secrecy and poorly addressed in the clinical setting. The impact of burns and its long-term sequelae often lead to concerns regarding body image disturbance, self-esteem issues, and interpersonal challenges which can impact on an individual's sexual well-being. However, existing post-burn rehabilitation programmes usually lack components addressing concerns regarding sexual well-being.

QTL mapping and BSR-seq revealed loci and candidate genes associated with the sporadic multifoliolate phenotype in soybean (Glycine max).

The QTLs and candidate genes governing the multifoliolate phenotype were identified by combining linkage mapping with BSR-seq, revealing a possible interplay between genetics and the environment in soybean leaf development. Soybean, as a legume, is typified by trifoliolate leaves. Although multifoliolate leaves (compound leaves with more than three leaflets each) have been reported in soybean, including sporadic appearances in the first compound leaves in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between cultivated soybean C08 and wild soybean W05 from this study, the genetic basis of this phenomenon is still unclear.

Deep generative design of RNA aptamers using structural predictions.

RNAs represent a class of programmable biomolecules capable of performing diverse biological functions. Recent studies have developed accurate RNA three-dimensional structure prediction methods, which may enable new RNAs to be designed in a structure-guided manner. Here, we develop a structure-to-sequence deep learning platform for the de novo generative design of RNA aptamers.

Race and Ethnicity Impacts Patient-Reported Outcomes in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Addressing social determinants of health is critical in achieving health equity, and of the many determinants, race and ethnicity are key contributors in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of race and ethnicity on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) and to provide reference values for each cohort.

Methods: We identified all patients who underwent IBBR between January 2017 and August 2022 and completed the BREAST-Q longitudinally.