Lithium Storage Mechanism: A Review of Perylene Diimide N-Substituted with a 1,2,4-Triazol-3-yl Ring for Organic Cathode Materials.

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased rapidly. However, commercial inorganic-based cathode materials have a low theoretical capacity and inherent disadvantages, such as high cost and toxicity. Redox-active organic cathodes with a high theoretical capacity, eco-friendly properties, and sustainability have been developed to overcome these limitations.

Hybrid Nano Flake-like Vanadium Diselenide Combined on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube as a Binder-Free Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

As the market for electric vehicles and portable electronic devices continues to grow rapidly, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as energy storage systems to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, sodium-ion is heavier and larger than lithium-ion, resulting in volume expansion and slower ion transfer. It is necessary to find suitable anode materials with high capacity and stability.

Amino-Acid-Substituted Perylene Diimide as the Organic Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

One of the most effective cost reduction and green engineering projects is to introduce organic compounds to electrode materials instead of expensive inorganic-based materials. In this work, derivatives of perylene diimide substituted with amino acids (PDI_AAs) showed the characteristics of redox-active organic compounds and were, therefore, used as cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Among the as-synthesized PDI_AAs, the L-alanine-substituted PDI (PDI_A) showed the most improved cycling performances of 86 mAhg over 150 cycles with retention of 95% at 50 mAg.