Quantifying the premature mortality and economic loss from wildfire-induced PM in the contiguous U.S.

Emissions from wildfires worsen air quality and can adversely impact human health. This study utilized the fire inventory from NCAR (FINN) as wildfire emissions, and performed air quality modeling of April-October 2012, 2013, and 2014 using the U.S.

Transboundary aerosol transport process and its impact on aerosol-radiation-cloud feedbacks in springtime over Northeast Asia.

Northeast Asia has been suffering from dramatic increases of particulate matter (PM) since the late 1990s, and it still continues to undergo haze despite various abating regulations. In this study, we investigated aerosol-cloud-precipitation (ACP) interactions with the varied PM, and the impact of long-range transport (LRT) process on ACP in springtime was assessed in Northeast Asia. Our long-term (1995-2019) analysis of PM exhibited the correlation with decreases of both sunshine duration and drizzle occurrences that can be interpreted as direct and indirect aerosol effects, while cloud cover induced by the varied PM was found only in more than 90% cloud cover (9/10-10/10 category).

Lin28a ameliorates glucotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis.

An excessive and prolonged increase in glucose levels causes β-cell dysregulation, which is accompanied by impaired insulin synthesis and secretion, a condition known as glucotoxicity. Although it is known that both Lin28a and Lin28b regulate glucose metabolism, other molecular mechanisms that may protect against glucotoxicity are poorly understood. We investigated whether Lin28a overexpression can improve glucotoxicityinduced β-cell dysregulation in INS-1 and primary rat islet cells.

The impact of the direct effect of aerosols on meteorology and air quality using aerosol optical depth assimilation during the KORUS-AQ campaign.

To quantify the impact of the direct aerosol effect accurately, this study incorporated the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) aerosol optical depth (AOD) into a coupled meteorology-chemistry model. We designed three model simulations to observe the impact of AOD assimilation and aerosol feedback during the KORUS-AQ campaign (May - June 2016). By assimilating the GOCI AOD with high temporal and spatial resolutions, we improve the statistics from the comparison AOD and AERONET data (RMSE: 0.

Identification of chemical fingerprints in long-range transport of burning induced upper tropospheric ozone from Colorado to the North Atlantic Ocean.

This study investigates a significant biomass burning (BB) event occurred in Colorado of the United States in 2012 using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The simulation reasonably reproduced the significantly high upper tropospheric O concentrations (up to 145ppb) caused by BB emissions. We find the BB-induced O was primarily affected by chemical reactions and dispersion during its transport.

Inhibitory effect of luteolin on osteoclast differentiation and function.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that play a crucial role in bone resorption, and are formed by the fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts derived from osteoclast precursors of the macrophage lineage. Compounds that specifically target functional osteoclasts would be ideal candidates for anti-resorptive agents for clinical applications. In the present study, we investigated the effects of luteolin, a flavonoid, on the regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis, functions and signaling pathway.