In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of PTP1B Inhibitors from Leaves and Their Effect on Glucose Uptake.

As part of our ongoing research on new anti-diabetic compounds from ethnopharmacologically consumed plants, two previously undescribed lupane-type triterpenoids ( and ) with dicarboxylic groups, an undescribed nor-taraxastane-type triterpenoid (), and 14 known compounds (-) were isolated from the leaves of . Extensive spectroscopic analysis (IR, HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR) was used for structure elucidation, while the known compounds were compared to reference data reported in the scientific literature. All the isolates (-) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme.

Oxindole and Benzoxazinone Alkaloids from the Seeds of (Avocado) and Their SIRT1 Stimulatory Activity.

Mill. (Lauraceae), commonly known as avocado, is a well-known food because of its nutrition and health benefits. The seeds of avocado are major byproducts, and thus their phytochemicals and bioactivities have been of interest for study.

Linderanidins A-F: Rare oligomeric flavonoids with an unusual C-3-C-4 linkage from the roots of Lindera erythrocarpa and their inhibitory activities on autophagy.

Autophagy is a crucial process for maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling unnecessary or damaged cellular components. In the process of exploring autophagy regulators in plants, unique nine oligomeric flavonoids linked by the bonding of C-3 and C-4, consisting of three pairs of biflavonoids, linderanidins A-C [(+)-1/(-)-1, (+)-2/(-)-2, and (+)-3/(-)-3], and three trimeric A-type proanthocyanidins, linderanidins D-F (4-6), were isolated from the roots of Lindera erythrocarpa. The structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined using various techniques, such as 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and electronic circular dichroism.

Chemical constituents of the culture broth of Dentipellis fragilis and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Seven undescribed compounds, dentipellinones A‒D (1, 2, 5, and 6), dentipellinol (3), methoxyerinaceolactone B (4), and erinaceolactomer A (7), were isolated from the culture broth of Dentipellis fragilis. Chemical structures of these isolated compounds were determined by analyses of 1D and 2D-NMR and MS data in comparison with data reported in the literature. Absolute configurations of 1‒7 were also determined by Electronic Circular Dichroism calculations.

Chemical constituents with senolytic activity from the stems of Limacia scandens.

While screening senotherapeutics from natural products, seven undescribed chemicals, two syringylglycerol derivatives, two cyclopeptides, one tigliane analogue, and two chromone derivatives, as well as six known compounds were isolated from the stems of Limacia scandens. The structures of compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and CD data. All compounds were tested in replicative senescent human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to determine their potential as senotherapeutic agents to specifically target senescent cells.

Unique guanidine-conjugated catechins from the leaves of Alchornea rugosa and their autophagy modulating activity.

Natural guanidines, molecules that contain the guanidine moiety, are structurally unique and often exhibit potent biological activities. A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Alchornea rugosa (Lour.) Müll.

Insulin-mimetic activity of 23-glycosyl oleanane triterpenoids isolated from Gymnema latifolium.

Chemical investigation of the plant Gymnema latifolium led to the isolation of seven undescribed 23-glycosyl oleanane triterpenoids, gymlatinosides GLF1-GLF7, and two known compounds, gymnemosides D and E. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using diverse spectroscopic methods. The extract of G.

Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Stems of and Their Potential as Autophagy Inhibitors.

is traditionally used to treat depression and affective disorders in Malaysia. The chemical compositions have been reported to include bisbenzylisoquinoline and aporphine-type alkaloids in the genus Lour., but studies on the components of have rarely been reported.

Heliciopsides A-E, Unusual Macrocyclic and Phenolic Glycosides from the Leaves of and Their Stimulation of Glucose Uptake.

Ten phenolic constituents, including three new macrocyclic glycosides (-), a new phenolic glycoside (), a new biphenyl glycoside (), and five known compounds (, -), were isolated from a 70% MeOH extract of the leaves of by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-guided molecular networking. The chemical structures of new compounds -, and were established based on comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS techniques. All isolated compounds (-) were evaluated for their stimulation of glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes using 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a fluorescent glucose analog.

Flavonostilbenes Isolated from the Stems of as Potential SIRT1 Activators.

The cumulative effects of cell damage result in aging, which gradually decreases human function in various aspects and leads to multiple age-related chronic diseases. To overcome the adverse effects of aging, silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue (SIRT1) activators are promising bioactive compounds that mimic calorie restriction to improve quality of life and prevent aging. In this study, 11 new flavonostilbenes (-) and three known compounds (-) were purified from stems of .

Rugonidines A-F, Diastereomeric 1,6-Dioxa-7,9-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-amines from the Leaves of .

Rugonidines A-F (-), three pairs of novel configurationally semistable diastereomers featuring an unprecedented 1,6-dioxa-7,9-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-amine scaffold, were isolated from based on MS/MS-based molecular networking analysis. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy in combination with quantum-chemical calculations.

Triterpenoid saponins from the leaves and stems of Pericampylus glaucus and their insulin mimetic activities.

During an attempt to discover insulin mimetics, thirteen new triterpenoid saponins (1-13), including three phytolaccagenic acids (1, 2, and 12) and ten serjanic acids (3-11 and 13), as aglycones were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of leaves and stems from Pericampylus glaucus. The chemical structures of compounds 1-13 were determined through spectroscopic data analysis, including NMR, IR, and HRESIMS. All isolated compounds (1-13) were evaluated using 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a fluorescent-tagged glucose probe to determine their stimulatory effects on glucose uptake in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocyte cells.

Flavanonol Glycosides from the Stems of and Their Neuroprotective Activities.

The accumulation of amyloid beta (A) peptides is common in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, who are characterized by neurological cognitive impairment. In the search for materials with inhibitory activity against the accumulation of the A peptide, seven undescribed flavanonol glycosides (-) and five known compounds (-) were isolated from stems of by HPLC-qTOF MS/MS-based molecular networking. Interestingly, this plant has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions.

SIRT1 Activation Enhancing 8,3'-Neolignans from the Twigs of Uyeki.

Three undescribed 8,3'-neolignans, corynol (), 3-methoxy-corynol () and 3'-deoxy-corynol (), together with two bergenin derivatives, three flavonoids, two hydrolysable tannins and six simple phenolic compounds, were isolated from the twigs of Uyeki. The structures of the 8,3'-neolignans were elucidated by analyzing their NMR, HRESIMS and ECD spectra. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their SIRT1 stimulatory activity, and 3'-deoxy-corynol () showed SIRT1 stimulation activity.

Licochalcone D Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence via AMPK Activation.

Increased oxidative stress is a crucial factor for the progression of cellular senescence and aging. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of licochalcone D (Lico D) on oxidative stress-induced senescence, both in vitro and in vivo, and explore its potential mechanisms. Hydrogen peroxide (200 µM for double time) and D-galactose (D-Gal) (150 mg/kg) were used to induce oxidative stress in human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and mice, respectively.

Preclinical Development of FA5, a Novel AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activator as an Innovative Drug for the Management of Bowel Inflammation.

Acadesine (ACA), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), showed a promising beneficial effect in a mouse model of colitis, indicating this drug as an alternative tool to manage IBDs. However, ACA displays some pharmacodynamic limitations precluding its therapeutical applications. Our study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo effects of FA-5 (a novel direct AMPK activator synthesized in our laboratories) in an experimental model of colitis in rats.

rescues autistic‑like behaviours in the BTBR T Itpr3/J mouse model of autism.

(HJ) is a traditional herbal medicine that exhibits anti‑inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti‑tumor effects that is used for the treatment of hypertension, pulmonary disease and leprosy. Recently, it has also been reported that HJ demonstrates neuroprotective properties in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. The current study hypothesised that the administration of HJ would exhibit therapeutic effects in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with lifelong consequences.

Phenolic Constituents of the Roots of with Senolytic Activity.

With the advent of senolytic agents capable of selectively removing senescent cells in old tissues, the perception of age-associated diseases has been changing from being an inevitable to a preventable phenomenon of human life. In the search for materials with senolytic activity from natural products, six new flavonostilbenes (-), three new phenylethylchromanones (-), three new phenylethylchromones (-), and four known compounds (-) were isolated from the roots of . The chemical structures of these isolated compounds were determined based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR, ECD, and HRMS.

Neuroprotective Effects of Triterpenoids from against Amyloid β-Induced Neuronal Damage.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurocognitive impairment affecting human mental capacity, is related to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. In addition to modern therapies approved for AD treatment, natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been studied for their potential to prevent AD pathogenesis. Six new noroleanane triterpenoids from the fruit peels of were isolated, and their structures were determined by diverse spectroscopic methods.

Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice.

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to a serious extent. It is a chronic disease that can lead to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of (SA) extract on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J obese mice.

Development of a Building Block Strategy to Target the Classification, Identification, and Metabolite Profiling of Oleanane Triterpenoids in Using UHPLC-qTOF/MS.

The major class of bioactive metabolites in , a popular Ayurvedic medicinal plant for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, is oleanane triterpenoids. In this study, a targeted, biosynthesis-inspired approach using UHPLC-qTOF/MS was implemented to elucidate the whole chemical profile of this plant for the standardization of the Vietnamese variety. The known compounds were first determined to identify the building blocks of the biosynthetic intermediates and the construction rules for synthesizing oleanane triterpenoids in the plant.

Constituents of the Edible Leaves of with Potential Analgesic Activity.

has long been consumed as a popular vegetable and tea in Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia and southern mainland China, and is effective in the treatment of colds and inflammation. In the search for active metabolites that can explain its traditional use as an antipyretic, six new phloroacetophenone derivatives (-) along with seven known compounds (, , and -) were isolated from the leaves of . Their chemical structures were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic analysis including NMR, IR, ECD, and HRMS.