Bamboo Lignin Fractions with In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity Downregulate Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells via PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway.

Cosmetic ingredients originating from natural resources have garnered considerable attention, and the demand for whitening ingredients is increasing, particularly in Asian countries. Lignin is a natural phenolic biopolymer significantly effective as a natural sunscreen, as its ultraviolet protection efficacy ranges from 250 to 400 nm. However, using different types of lignin as cosmetic ingredients is difficult owing to the heterogeneity of lignin and the lack of in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy data.

Genu varum deformity due to premature epiphyseal closure after treatment with isotretinoin for neuroblastoma: A case report.

Isotretinoin, a vitamin A derivative, is known to induce premature epiphyseal closure. We report the case of a 9-year-old boy with neuroblastoma who demonstrated premature epiphyseal closure after 1 year of isotretinoin treatment (72.3 mg/m/day).

Unstable Simple Elbow Dislocation Treated with the Repair of Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex.

Background: Unstable simple elbow dislocation (USED) repair is challenged by the maintenance of joint reduction; hence, primary repair or reconstruction of disrupted ligaments is required to maintain the congruency and allow early motion of the elbow. We evaluated the effectiveness and the outcome of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) complex repair with additional medial collateral ligament (MCL) repair in cases of USED.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 21 cases of diagnosed USED without fractures around the elbow that were treated with primary ligament repair.

Low serum testosterone concentrations in hospitalized men with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Our aim was to examine whether serum testosterone concentrations are in fact low in hospitalized men with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes compared with healthy men. In this study, 79 men aged 40 years or older (41 healthy men and 38 men with type 2 diabetes) were included. Total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were measured.

The clinical characteristics of the newly diagnosed early onset (< 40 years old) diabetes in outpatients' clinic.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in young adults and adolescents has increased in the last decade according to the increasing obese population. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus before the age of 40 years as compared with patients diagnosed at older ages.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study using data from 350 diabetic patients who were diagnosed with diabetes in an outpatient setting between January 2005 and December 2007.

The changes in circulating osteoprotegerin after hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and their relationship with oestrogen responsiveness on bone.

Objective: Oestrogen replacement reduces the increased rate of bone remodelling after the menopause. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a negative regulator of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In vitro studies have shown that oestrogen stimulates OPG production.