Human γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment: Key insights for advancing cancer immunotherapy.

The role of γδ T cells in antitumor responses has gained significant attention due to their unique major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent killing mechanisms, which distinguish them from conventional αβ T cells. Notably, γδ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been identified as favorable prognostic markers in various cancers. However, γδ TIL subsets, including Vδ1, Vδ2, and Vδ3, exhibit distinct prognostic implications and phenotypes from one another within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Assessment of immunopathological responses of a novel non-chemical biocide in C57BL/6 for safe disinfection usage.

Background: Water electrospray technology has been developed and extensively studied for its physical properties and potential application as a non-chemical biocide against airborne pathogens. However, there are still concerns regarding the safety and potential toxicity of inhaling water electrospray (WE) particles. To address these potential hazards and offer insights into the impact of WE on humans, we analyzed the immunopathological response to WE by employing an intranasal challenge C57BL/6 mouse model.

Supplementation with a high-glucose drink stimulates anti-tumor immune responses to glioblastoma via gut microbiota modulation.

A high-sugar diet induces lifestyle-associated metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, which may underlie the pro-tumor effects of a high-sugar diet. We supply GL261 syngeneic glioblastoma (GBM) mice with a short-term high-glucose drink (HGD) and find an increased survival rate with no evidence of metabolic disease. Modulation of the gut microbiota through HGD supplementation is critical for enhancing the anti-tumor immune response.

Harnessing type I interferon-mediated immunity to target malignant brain tumors.

Type I interferons have long been appreciated as a cytokine family that regulates antiviral immunity. Recently, their role in eliciting antitumor immune responses has gained increasing attention. Within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), interferons stimulate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to promote immune clearance and essentially reshape a "cold" TME into an immune-activating "hot" TME.

Diagnosis of Depressive Disorder Model on Facial Expression Based on Fast R-CNN.

This study examines related literature to propose a model based on artificial intelligence (AI), that can assist in the diagnosis of depressive disorder. Depressive disorder can be diagnosed through a self-report questionnaire, but it is necessary to check the mood and confirm the consistency of subjective and objective descriptions. Smartphone-based assistance in diagnosing depressive disorders can quickly lead to their identification and provide data for intervention provision.

Safety and efficacy of adjuvant pegylated interferon therapy for metastatic tumor antigen 1-positive hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Metastatic tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) overexpression is closely associated with postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been suggested that pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) can prevent the occurrence of HCC in patients who have chronic viral hepatitis. In this study, the authors examined whether postoperative adjuvant Peg-IFN therapy can reduce the recurrence of MTA1-positive HCC after curative surgical resection.

Factors predisposing metastatic tumor antigen 1 overexpression in hepatitis B virus associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aim: Overexpression of metastatic tumor antigen-1 (MTA-1) is suggested to be associated with frequent postoperative recurrence and poor survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In this study, we intended to determine clinical factors predisposing the overexpression of MTA-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC and also examine whether MTA-1 overexpression affects the survival periods of these patients treated with curative surgical resection.

Methods: A total of 303 patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent curative surgical resection were subjected.

Relationship of HLA-DRB1 alleles with hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Goals: We intended to analyze the relationship between specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Study: A database of 468 consecutive CHB patients who received lamivudine for more than 12 months between July 1996 and February 2011 was retrospectively analyzed. Sera and buffy coats samples were obtained between April 2008 and April 2010.

HLA-DRB1*010101 allele is closely associated with poor virological response to lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Background/aims: We intended to evaluate the association between specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 gene polymorphism and antiviral response to lamivudine (LAM) therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods: Six-digit HLA-DRB1 genotypes were determined using sequence-based typing in 334 CHB patients initially treated with LAM for at least 12 months. Antiviral response was evaluated every 3-6 months during LAM therapy.

High HBV-DNA titer in surrounding liver rather than in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue predisposes to recurrence after curative surgical resection.

Goals: In this study the authors intended to investigate the relationship between intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA concentrations and posthepatectomy recurrence of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background: High HBV-DNA level is strongly associated with HCC development in chronic HBV infection and considered to be a risk factor of HCC recurrence.

Study: A total of 109 patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent curative surgical resection were followed up every 3 to 6 months for a median of 82 months.

rtL180M mutation of hepatitis B virus is closely associated with frequent virological resistance to adefovir dipivoxil therapy.

Background And Aim: We intended to investigate the effects of pre-existing mutations at reverse transcriptase region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the occurrence of virological breakthrough (VB) to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in patients with lamivudine (LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods: Ninety-seven patients with LAM-resistant CHB were treated with ADV at a dose of 10 mg daily, and were followed for a median period of 13 months. Just before the initiation of ADV therapy, the whole length of reverse transcriptase region of serum HBV-DNA was sequenced using direct sequencing.

Histological characteristics predisposing to development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Aims: Longstanding liver inflammation leads to hepatic regeneration and fibrosis, which subsequently progresses to cirrhosis in some patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It remains unclear, however, if the histological severity of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may determine the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of necroinflammation and fibrosis at presentation of CHB on the development of HCC.

Capsaicin, a spicy component of hot pepper, induces apoptosis by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.

Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-alpha-nonenamide), a spicy component of hot pepper, is a homovanillic acid derivative that preferentially induces certain cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and has a putative role in cancer chemoprevention. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. PAPRgamma activation results in growth arrest and/or apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells.