Energy Transfer Between i-Motif DNA Encapsulated Silver Nanoclusters and Fluorescein Amidite Efficiently Visualizes the Redox State of Live Cells.

The redox regulation, maintaining a balance between oxidation and reduction in living cells, is vital for cellular homeostasis, intricate signaling networks, and appropriate responses to physiological and environmental cues. Here, a novel redox sensor, based on DNA-encapsulated silver nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs) and well-defined chemical fluorophores, effectively illustrating cellular redox states in live cells is introduced. Among various i-motif DNAs, the photophysical property of poly-cytosines (C)-encapsulated AgNCs that sense reactive oxygen species (ROS) is adopted.

O-GlcNAcylation of RBM14 contributes to elevated cellular O-GlcNAc through regulation of OGA protein stability.

Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a potential biomarker for several diseases, particularly cancer. The role of OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) in maintaining O-GlcNAc homeostasis has been extensively studied; nevertheless, the regulation of OGA (O-GlcNAcase) in cancer remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the multifunctional protein RBM14 is a regulator of cellular O-GlcNAcylation.

Tailed-Hoogsteen Triplex DNA Silver Nanoclusters Emit Red Fluorescence upon Target miRNA Sensing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules, typically 21‒22 nucleotides in size, which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression in most eukaryotes. Their significance in various biological processes and disease pathogenesis has led to considerable interest in their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic applications. In this study, a novel method for sensing target miRNAs using Tailed-Hoogsteen triplex DNA-encapsulated Silver Nanoclusters (DNA/AgNCs) is introduced.

Innate mechanism of mucosal barrier erosion in the pathogenesis of acquired colitis.

The colonic mucosal barrier protects against infection, inflammation, and tissue ulceration. Composed primarily of Mucin-2, proteolytic erosion of this barrier is an invariant feature of colitis; however, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We have applied a recurrent food poisoning model of acquired inflammatory bowel disease using Typhimurium to investigate mucosal barrier erosion.

Proposal of a Methodology for Prediction of Indoor PM Concentration Using Sensor-Based Residential Environments Monitoring Data and Time-Divided Multiple Linear Regression Model.

This study aims to propose an indoor air quality prediction method that can be easily utilized and reflects temporal characteristics using indoor and outdoor input data measured near the indoor target point as input to calculate indoor PM concentration through a multiple linear regression model. The atmospheric conditions and air pollution detected in one-minute intervals using sensor-based monitoring equipment (Dust Mon, Sentry Co Ltd., Seoul, Korea) inside and outside houses from May 2019 to April 2021 were used to develop the prediction model.

-GlcNAcylation of RIPK1 rescues red blood cells from necroptosis.

Necroptosis is a type of cell death with excessive inflammation and organ damage in various human diseases. Although abnormal necroptosis is common in patients with neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, the mechanisms by which -GlcNAcylation contributes to the regulation of necroptotic cell death are poorly understood. In this study, we reveal that -GlcNAcylation of RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase1) was decreased in erythrocytes of the mouse injected with lipopolysaccharide, resulting in the acceleration of erythrocyte necroptosis through increased formation of RIPK1-RIPK3 complex.

Poly-ADP ribosylation of p21 by tankyrases promotes p21 degradation and regulates cell cycle progression.

p21WAF1/Cip1 acts as a key negative regulator of cell cycle progression, which can form complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases together with specific cyclins to induce cell cycle arrest at specific stages. p21 protein levels have been shown to be regulated primarily through phosphorylation and ubiquitination during various stages of the cell cycle. Although phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of p21 have been well established, other post-translational modifications that contribute to regulation of p21 stability and function remain to be further elucidated.

-GlcNAcylation: An Emerging Protein Modification Regulating the Hippo Pathway.

The balance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis and the regulation of cell differentiation must be established to maintain tissue homeostasis. These cellular responses involve the kinase cascade-mediated Hippo pathway as a crucial regulator. Hence, Hippo pathway dysregulation is implicated in diverse diseases, including cancer.

Coagulation factor protein abundance in the pre-septic state predicts coagulopathic activities that arise during late-stage murine sepsis.

Background: Although sepsis accounts for 1 in 5 deaths globally, few molecular therapies exist for this condition. The development of effective biomarkers and treatments for sepsis requires a more complete understanding of host responses and pathogenic mechanisms at early stages of disease to minimize host-driven pathology.

Methods: An alternative to the current symptom-based approach used to diagnose sepsis is a precise assessment of blood proteomic changes during the onset and progression of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) murine sepsis.

Remodeling of host glycoproteins during bacterial infection.

Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification found in all living organisms. This modification in bacterial pathogens plays a pivotal role in their infectious processes including pathogenicity, immune evasion, and host-pathogen interactions. Importantly, many key proteins of host immune systems are also glycosylated and bacterial pathogens can notably modulate glycosylation of these host proteins to facilitate pathogenesis through the induction of abnormal host protein activity and abundance.

O-GlcNAcylated p53 in the liver modulates hepatic glucose production.

p53 regulates several signaling pathways to maintain the metabolic homeostasis of cells and modulates the cellular response to stress. Deficiency or excess of nutrients causes cellular metabolic stress, and we hypothesized that p53 could be linked to glucose maintenance. We show here that upon starvation hepatic p53 is stabilized by O-GlcNAcylation and plays an essential role in the physiological regulation of glucose homeostasis.

Neu3 neuraminidase induction triggers intestinal inflammation and colitis in a model of recurrent human food-poisoning.

Intestinal inflammation is the underlying basis of colitis and the inflammatory bowel diseases. These syndromes originate from genetic and environmental factors that remain to be fully identified. Infections are possible disease triggers, including recurrent human food-poisoning by the common foodborne pathogen Typhimurium (), which in laboratory mice causes progressive intestinal inflammation leading to an enduring colitis.

Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Modification of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Regulates Antiviral Signaling by Modulating Its Activity.

Post-translational modifications, including -GlcNAcylation, play fundamental roles in modulating cellular events, including transcription, signal transduction, and immune signaling. Several molecular targets of -GlcNAcylation associated with pathogen-induced innate immune responses have been identified; however, the direct regulatory mechanisms linking -GlcNAcylation with antiviral RIG-I-like receptor signaling are not fully understood. In this study, we found that cellular levels of -GlcNAcylation decline in response to infection with Sendai virus.

O-GlcNAc stabilizes SMAD4 by inhibiting GSK-3β-mediated proteasomal degradation.

O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification which occurs on the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. It has been reported that the presence of this single sugar motif regulates various biological events by altering the fate of target proteins, such as their function, localization, and degradation. This study identified SMAD4 as a novel O-GlcNAc-modified protein.

Mutual regulation between OGT and XIAP to control colon cancer cell growth and invasion.

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the O-GlcNAc modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins and is highly expressed in many types of cancer. However, the mechanism regulating its expression in cancer cells is not well understood. This study shows that OGT is a substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) which plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis.

O-GlcNAcylation of Mef2c regulates myoblast differentiation.

Unlike other types of glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation is a single glycosylation which occurs exclusively in the nucleus and cytosol. O-GlcNAcylation underlie metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, O-GlcNAcylation affects different oncogenic processes such as osteoblast differentiation, adipogenesis and hematopoiesis.

-GlcNAcylation on LATS2 disrupts the Hippo pathway by inhibiting its activity.

The Hippo pathway controls organ size and tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. The LATS-mediated negative feedback loop prevents excessive activation of the effectors YAP/TAZ, maintaining homeostasis of the Hippo pathway. YAP and TAZ are hyperactivated in various cancer cells which lead to tumor growth.

Accelerated Aging and Clearance of Host Anti-inflammatory Enzymes by Discrete Pathogens Fuels Sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory syndrome accompanying a bloodstream infection. Frequently secondary to pathogenic bacterial infections, sepsis remains difficult to treat as a singular disease mechanism. We compared the pathogenesis of murine sepsis experimentally elicited by five bacterial pathogens and report similarities among host responses to Gram-negative Salmonella and E.

Recurrent infection progressively disables host protection against intestinal inflammation.

Intestinal inflammation is the central pathological feature of colitis and the inflammatory bowel diseases. These syndromes arise from unidentified environmental factors. We found that recurrent nonlethal gastric infections of Gram-negative Typhimurium (ST), a major source of human food poisoning, caused inflammation of murine intestinal tissue, predominantly the colon, which persisted after pathogen clearance and irreversibly escalated in severity with repeated infections.

Psychological effects of a disastrous hydrogen fluoride spillage on the local community.

Background: On September 27, 2012, at 3:43 pm, a hydrogen fluoride spill occurred in a manufacturing plant located at the 4th complex of the Gumi National Industrial Complex in Gumi City, South Korea. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychological effects of the hydrogen fluoride spill on the members of the community and to investigate their relationships with physical symptoms and changes in psychological effects occurring as time passed after the accident.

Methods: The 1st phase involved a survey of 1359 individuals that was conducted 1 month after the spill, and the 2nd phase involved a survey of 711 individuals that was conducted 7 months after the accident.

Restoration and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after the Wu Yi San oil spill, Korea.

On January 31, 2014, an oil spill accident occurred in Yeosu, South Korea. A total 800-899kl of oil from the pipeline was spilled into the sea. After the oil spill, the KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) researched PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in various media, but sedimentary PAHs were not analyzed despite their longer persistency than in other media.

An intrinsic mechanism of secreted protein aging and turnover.

The composition and functions of the secreted proteome are controlled by the life spans of different proteins. However, unlike intracellular protein fate, intrinsic factors determining secreted protein aging and turnover have not been identified and characterized. Almost all secreted proteins are posttranslationally modified with the covalent attachment of N-glycans.

Blood levels of cadmium and lead in residents near abandoned metal mine areas in Korea.

We analyzed national data on blood lead levels (BLL) and blood cadmium levels (BCL) in residents living near 38 abandoned metal mining areas (n = 5,682, 18-96 years old) in Korea that were collected by the first Health Effect Surveillance for Residents in Abandoned Metal mines (HESRAM) from 2008 to 2011. The geometric mean BCL and BLL were 1.60 μg/L (95 % CI = 1.