Identification and validation of soft tissue sarcoma-specific transcriptomic model for predicting radioresistance.

Purpose: We aimed to identify the transcriptomic signatures of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) related to radioresistance and establish a model to predict radioresistance.

Materials And Methods: Nine STS cell lines were cultured. Adenosine triphosphate-based viability was determined 5 days after irradiation with 8 Gy of X-rays in a single fraction.

Granzyme B May Act as an Effector Molecule to Control the Inflammatory Process in COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by smoking, but only a small proportion of smokers have disease severe enough to develop COPD. COPD is not always progressive. The question then arises as to what explains the different trajectories of COPD.

The effects of low-dose radiation therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's dementia: an interim analysis of a pilot study.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) is effective in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Materials And Methods: We included patients according to the following criteria: probable Alzheimer's dementia according to the New Diagnostic Criteria for Alzheimer's Disease; confirmation of amyloid plaque deposits on baseline amyloid positron emission tomography (PET); a Korean Mini-Mental State Examination 2nd edition (K-MMSE-2) score of 13-26; and a Global Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5-2 points.

Phenotype of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Computed Tomography-Defined Underlying Pathology.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Not all patients with COPD respond to available drugs. Identifying respondents to therapy is critical to delivering the most appropriate treatment and avoiding unnecessary medication.

Virtual randomized study comparing lobectomy and particle beam therapy for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer in operable patients.

To the best of our knowledge there have been no randomized controlled trials comparing lobectomy-a standard treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-and particle beam therapy (PBT), the best performing existing radiotherapy. We conducted a virtual randomized trial in medically operable patients with stage IA NSCLC to compare lobectomy and PBT effectiveness. A Markov model was developed to predict life expectancy after lobectomy and PBT in a cohort of patients with stage IA NSCLC.

The Role of Granzyme B Containing Cells in the Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Lung inflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the characteristics of the inflammatory process remain unclear. There is growing interest in the role of granzyme B (GzmB) because CD8+ T cells can induce apoptosis of target cells by releasing GzmB, which in turn may cause tissue injury and remodeling. However, GzmB is also expressed by regulatory cells, which are able to suppress CD8+ T cell.

TGF-β1-mediated repression of SLC7A11 drives vulnerability to GPX4 inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

System x contributes to glutathione (GSH) synthesis and protects cells against ferroptosis by importing cystine and exchanging it with glutamate. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) induces redox imbalance; however, its role in system x regulation remains poorly understood. The present study was the first to show that TGF-β1 repressed the protein and mRNA levels of xCT, a catalytic subunit of system x, in PLC/PRF/5, Huh7, Huh6, and HepG2 cells with an early TGF-β1 gene signature but not in SNU387, SNU449, SNU475, and SK-Hep1 cells with a late TGF-β1 gene signature.

Schedule-dependent synergistic effects of 5-fluorouracil and selumetinib in KRAS or BRAF mutant colon cancer models.

Combination of MEK inhibitor and 5-FU had showed limited efficacy in clinical trials. We previously reported that acquired resistance to 5-FU was related with continued activation of salvage pathway. Here we investigated whether combination of 5-FU and a MEK inhibitor had treatment sequence-dependent synergistic effects in KRAS or BRAF mutant colon cancer models.

Long-term Survival after Repeated Local Therapy and Salvage Chemotherapy for Recurrent Metastases from Gastric Cancer: a Case Report and Literature Review.

We report a rare case of long-term survival in a patient who received local therapy and salvage chemotherapy for recurrent metastases, along with a literature review. A 65-year-old male patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Six months after gastrectomy, 2 metastatic intra-abdominal lymph node enlargements were detected, which were treated with radiotherapy.

Sequential spinal and intracranial dural metastases in gastric adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Dural metastasis from primary gastric adenocarcinoma has been rarely reported, and its prognosis is very poor because it frequently leads to acute subdural hematoma. Here, we describe a case with sequential spinal and cranial dural metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma without subdural hematoma. A 43-year-old woman with gastric adenocarcinoma and well-controlled peritoneal carcinomatosis presented with back pain, right radiating leg pain, left facial palsy, and hearing loss.

ESTIMATION OF THE CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE FREQUENCY AND CUMULATIVE EFFECTIVE DOSE OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL RADIATION IN THE KOREAN POPULATION FROM 2002 TO 2010.

Along with increase in the frequency and exposure dose from the diagnostic medical radiation procedures, the public's interest in radiation exposure has also been growing. In this study, in order to estimate the Cumulative Exposure Frequency and the cumulative effective dose of diagnostic medical radiation in the Korean population, we included 680 diagnostic medical radiation procedure codes of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service's health insurance medical expenses data and adopted the effective dose data from the 2008 report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. We combined the data of one million individuals in the national sample cohort database (2002-10) of the National Health Insurance Service.

AMPK Facilitates Nuclear Accumulation of Nrf2 by Phosphorylating at Serine 550.

Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is an antioxidant transcription factor. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a central regulator of cell survival in response to stressful stimuli. Nrf2 should be coordinated with the cell survival pathway controlled by AMPK, but so far the mechanistic connections remain undefined.

Cordycepin increases radiosensitivity in cervical cancer cells by overriding or prolonging radiation-induced G2/M arrest.

Cordycepin (3-deoxyadenosine) has many pharmacological activities. We studied the radiosensitising effect of cordycepin and the underlying mechanisms relating to cell cycle changes in two human uterine cervical cancer cell lines, ME180 and HeLa cells. Cordycepin produced concentration- and time-dependent reductions in cell viability with more pronounced effects in ME180 cells.

Discovery of an integrative network of microRNAs and transcriptomics changes for acute kidney injury.

The contribution of miRNA to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is not well understood. Here we evaluated an integrative network of miRNAs and mRNA data to discover a possible master regulator of AKI. Microarray analyses of the kidneys of mice treated with cisplatin were used to extract putative miRNAs that cause renal injury.

A possible role for CD8+ and non-CD8+ cell granzyme B in early small airway wall remodelling in centrilobular emphysema.

Background And Objective: CD8(+) cell infiltration and apoptosis of airway epithelial cells are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CD8(+) T cells induce apoptosis by releasing granzymes, which can also cause extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling. Granzyme B levels and T cells expressing granzyme B are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COPD patients, which suggests that granzyme B may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.

Early diagnosis of radiodermatitis using lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in hairless mice (SKH1-hr).

In this study, we evaluate a method for the early diagnosis of radiodermatitis for use in the prevention and therapy of this condition. Hairless mice (SKH1-hr) were used to study the early diagnosis of radiodermatitis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.

Clinical investigation of EGFR mutation detection by pyrosequencing in lung cancer patients.

Direct sequencing is the standard method for the detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung cancer, however, its relatively low sensitivity limits its clinical use. Pyrosequencing is a bioluminometric, real-time non-electrophoretic DNA sequencing technique with a number of advantages compared with direct sequencing, including higher sensitivity, speed, automation and cost-effectiveness. Clinical specimens from 202 lung cancer patients were analyzed for EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 using the pyrosequencing method following genomic DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded tissue specimens.

Clinical predictive factors of pathologic tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify clinical predictive factors for tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 51 patients who underwent preoperative CRT followed by surgery between January 2005 and February 2012. Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis at a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions, followed by a boost of 5.

Fenofibrate decreases radiation sensitivity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-mediated superoxide dismutase induction in HeLa cells.

Purpose: The fibrates are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and used clinically as hypolipidemic drugs. The fibrates are known to cause peroxisome proliferation, enhance superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and catalase activity. The antioxidant actions of the fibrates may modify radiation sensitivity.

Effect of troglitazone on radiation sensitivity in cervix cancer cells.

Purpose: Troglitazone (TRO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist. TRO has antiproliferative activity on many kinds of cancer cells via G1 arrest. TRO also increases Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and catalase.

E-cadherin inhibits nuclear accumulation of Nrf2: implications for chemoresistance of cancer cells.

Nrf2 has an anti-carcinogenic effect. However, an increase in Nrf2 activity is also implicated in cancer chemoresistance. A switch from E-cadherin to N-cadherin affects the transdifferentiation and metastasis of cancer cells.

Nrf2 inhibits LXRα-dependent hepatic lipogenesis by competing with FXR for acetylase binding.

Aims: The nuclear receptor liver X receptor-α (LXRα) stimulates lipogenesis, leading to steatosis. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) contributes to cellular defense mechanism by upregulating antioxidant genes, and may protect the liver from injury inflicted by fat accumulation. However, whether Nrf2 affects LXRα activity is unknown.

Fused Toes Homolog modulates radiation cytotoxicity in uterine cervical cancer cells.

Radiotherapy is the major treatment modality for uterine cervical cancer, but in some cases, the disease is radioresistant. Defining the molecular events that contribute to radioresistance and progression of cancer are of critical importance. Here we evaluated the role of Fused Toes Homolog (FTS) in radiation resistance of cervical carcinoma.

Hypoxemia and arrhythmia during daily activities and six-minute walk test in fibrotic interstitial lung diseases.

We performed 24-hr monitoring of pulse oximetric saturation (SpO(2)) with ECG and six-minute walk test (6MWT) in 19 patients with fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD) to investigate; 1) The frequency and severity of hypoxemia and dysrhythmia during daily activities and 6MWT, 2) safety of 6MWT, and 3) the parameters of 6MWT which can replace 24-hr continuous monitoring of SpO(2) to predict hypoxemia during daily activities. All patients experienced waking hour hypoxemia, and eight of nineteen patients spent > 10% of waking hours in hypoxemic state. Most patients experienced frequent arrhythmia, mostly atrial premature contractions (APCs) and ventricular premature contractions (VPCs).

Inhibition of LXRα-dependent steatosis and oxidative injury by liquiritigenin, a licorice flavonoid, as mediated with Nrf2 activation.

Liver X receptor-α (LXRα) functions as a major regulator of lipid homeostasis through activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), which promotes hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the crucial transcription factor that is necessary for the induction of antioxidant enzymes. This study investigated the potential of liquiritigenin (LQ), a hepatoprotective flavonoid in licorice, to inhibit LXRα-induced hepatic steatosis, and the underlying mechanism of the action.