[The effect of retrobulbar anaesthesia on visual evoked responses].

Background: Retrobulbar anaesthesia in ocular surgery leads to a temporary sensory blockade of the nervus opticus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and duration of this anaesthesia on the visual system and to find out whether there is any relation to the patient's age, oral premedication, time of oculopression and the axial length of the operated eye.

Materials And Methods: A total of 57 patients with a mean age of 77.

[Color and form changes in the iris].

Background: The high variability of iris structures can be used for diagnostic purposes.

Methods: An overview of the numerous changes visible at the slit lamp and possible diagnosis.

Results: Short description of possible irispathology with hints on pathology and treatment.

[Radiotherapy of exudative senile macular degeneration. A prospective controlled study].

Unlabelled: Despite the successful therapy of subretinal neovascular membranes by laserphotocoagulation there are many problems to be overcome. In the case of subfoveolar neovascularization, photocoagulation leads to a sudden decrease in visual acuity. Recently radiotherapy is considered as an alternative.

[Partial sphincterectomy in cataract surgery. Clinical and patho-histologic results].

Background: We perform partial sphincterectomy during cataract surgery in cases with very small pupil (< 3 mm). We assume that the small pupil is mainly due to a fibrosis ring of the sphincter muscle.

Patients: In 35 patients we performed the complete ophthalmological routine checkup.

[Cataract surgery at the Berlin Virchow clinic. Overview of the last 16 years].

Purpose: The aim was to compare the different techniques of cataract surgery regarding early postoperative astigmatism and visual acuity.

Patients And Methods: The data of three groups of patients (100 eyes) were analyzed retrospectively (1980-1982; 1987-1990; 1991-1993). Three different techniques of cataract surgery were used.

Intraocular pressure in nonglaucomatous eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome after cataract surgery.

Background And Objective: To investigate the course of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in nonglaucomatous patients with pseudoexfoliation (PSX) syndrome after cataract surgery.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective age-matched controlled clinical study, 23 consecutive patients with PSX were studied and compared with a control group of 23 patients. The IOP was measured by applanation tonometry preoperatively, and postoperatively on day 1, after 4 weeks, and after 6 months.

[Prospective comparison of 2 multi-focal lens models].

Background: The functional results of two different types of multifocal intraocular lenses (based on the diffractive and refractive principle, respectively) were investigated prospectively.

Materials And Methods: Altogether 50 patients who had a multifocal lens implanted were examined 4-6 weeks postoperatively. Visual acuity for distance and near vision, contrast sensitivity, low contrast visual acuity and glare visual acuity were investigated.

Contrast sensitivity after implantation of diffractive bifocal and monofocal intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To compare contrast sensitivity (CS) after implantation of a diffractive bifocal intraocular lens (IOL) and a monofocal IOL of similar design.

Setting: Seven European centers.

Methods: In this randomized, prospective study, CS was tested 5 months after cataract and IOL implantation surgery in 115 patients with a diffractive bifocal IOL and 106 patients with a monofocal IOL.

Corneal endothelial cell changes in pseudoexfoliation syndrome after cataract surgery.

Objective: To characterize possible differences in endothelial cell changes after cataract surgery in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PSX).

Methods: In this prospective, age-matched, controlled clinical study, 25 consecutive patients with PSX and 25 control patients with senile cataracts only were studied. All patients were treated with standardized cataract surgery.

Causes of severe decentration and subluxation of intraocular lenses.

Background: Severe decentration and subluxation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) may lead to double vision, glare and deterioration of vision to the point of functional aphakia. The purpose of the present study was to analyse causes for severe IOL dislocation.

Material And Methods: Between January 1989 and January 1996, 37 patients required IOL exchange because of decentrated or subluxated posterior chamber lenses.

[Cataract surgery in narrow pupil and postoperative fibrin reaction, especially after sphincterectomy].

Background: Since increased intraoperative iris irritation can lead to increased postoperative inflammation, we are interested in postoperative reactions to several varied surgical procedures. We performed pupil stretching, iridotomy with iris suture, and partial sphincterectomy.

Materials And Methods: From January 1995 to January 1996, 100 patients (103 eyes) with narrow pupils underwent cataract surgery.

Combined phacoemulsification and filtering surgery with the 'no-stitch' technique.

Objective: To determine if intentionally making a radial incision could lead to a lasting decrease in intraocular pressure and the development of filtering blebs.

Methods: Forty-three eyes treated with combined filtering surgery were compared with a control group of 42 eyes treated with cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) alone. All of the patients had advanced chronic open-angle glaucoma.

A prospective evaluation of a diffractive versus a refractive designed multifocal intraocular lens.

Objective: To evaluate prospectively a diffractive (811E, Pharmacia; power add +4.0 D) versus a refractive (PA154N, Allergan; power add +3.5 D) designed multifocal lens.

[Long-term prospective study of the development of corneal astigmatism in no-stitch cataract surgery].

Background: Several studies have confirmed, that the no-stitch technique results in early stabilization of astigmatism. In these papers, however, the follow-up was quite short. Former studies about sutured corneoscleral incisions have shown that even after some years astigmatism increased.

Inadvertent use of chlorhexidine instead of balanced salt solution for intraocular irrigation.

In three consecutive cataract operations, chlorhexidine was inadvertently used as an intraocular irrigating solution as a result of inattentiveness of an assistant. In two of the three patients, corneal endothelium damage was so severe that penetrating keratoplasty had to be performed. Further effects included pronounced iris atrophy, anterior chamber applanation, and a retrocorneal membrane.

Photovaporization rate and profile of an erbium-chromium:YAG laser in the fundamental mode.

Purpose: To evaluate the ablation characteristics of an experimental erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser and assess whether it delivers sufficient output for performing photorefractive keratectomy.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Virchow-Clinics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.

Methods: An experimental Er:YAG laser, the erbium-chromium:YAG, running in fundamental mode was used to evaluate the energy profile.

[Early postoperative endothelial cell loss after corneoscleral tunnel incision and phacoemulsification in pseudoexfoliation syndrome].

Introduction: Corneal endothelial involvement can be found in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). Evaluation of possible differences in endothelial cell loss following cataract extraction was compared to normal eyes.

Patients And Methods: In a controlled clinical study we prospectively studied 20 patients with PEX and compared them with an age-matched control group with senile cataract.

Effect of incision location on preoperative oblique astigmatism after scleral tunnel incision.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of incision location or clinically relevant preoperative oblique astigmatism.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Virchow Medical Center, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.

Methods: This prospective study included 68 patients who had phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation using a standardized 7.

Postoperative astigmatism and relative strength of tunnel incisions: a prospective clinical trial.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of incision depth and site on wound strength and postoperative astigmatism.

Setting: Virchow Memorial Hospital Eye Clinic, Berlin, Germany.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized study, 180 patients with a 7.

Double contour of the lens capsule edges after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.

Background: After curvilinear capsulorhexis in cataract surgery often a double-ring shape of the remaining capsular margins can be observed. In order to better understand this phenomenon we performed a histological study of excised capsules after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.

Methods: Ten anterior capsular specimens from cases with double-ring structure of the capsular margins after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (D-group) were examined light microscopically and compared with 10 normal cases (N-group) and 10 cases with pseudoexfoliation (P-group).

Correcting postoperative astigmatism using curved lamellating keratotomy.

Purpose: To ascertain whether the change in refraction caused by paired lamellating corneal incisions in cadaver eyes could be achieved in living eyes and whether wound healing influences this effect.

Setting: Virchow Hospital Eye Clinic, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.

Methods: This prospective study included 45 patients who had a follow-up of 15 months.

[Factors modifying postoperative astigmatism after no-stitch cataract surgery].

Background: One of the main advantages of the no-stitch technique in cataract surgery is that induced astigmatism occurs less frequently than with any other procedure and stabilizes within a very short time postoperatively. The resultant high wound strength enabled us to alter the incision parameters in an attempt to identify those which influenced postoperative astigmatism, the ultimate goal being to improve the prognosis of the expected astigmatism. Since the influence of tunnel width and incision length and shape were well known, we investigated the influence of incision depth and site and that of various parameters in a prospective randomized and controlled clinical trial.

[7 mm tunnel incision with lateral approach as routine intervention in cataract surgery].

Unlabelled: As the lateral incision in comparison to the classic incision at the 12 o'clock position induces less astigmatism and shows higher wound stability, we wanted to determine if this technique could be used as a routine procedure for most patients.

Patients And Methods: A total of 186 patients were prospectively included in this study. They all had a lateral incision with the no-stitch technique, either as a clear corneal incision or as a corneoscleral or scleral incision.