Ethnic Harassment, Ethnic Identity Centrality, and Well-Being.

In this study, we examined the direct effect of (positive vs. negative) evaluation of potentially harassing experiences due to ethnic background on impaired well-being as well as the moderating effect of ethnic identity centrality on the relationship between (lower vs. higher) frequency of potentially harassing experiences and impaired well-being.

Stress among managers: the importance of dynamic tasks, predictability, and social support in unpredictable times.

In this field study, we examined the importance of dynamic tasks as stressors faced by managers. Predictability of a task and social support by managers' supervisors were considered as potential moderators of the interrelation between stressors and stress effects. A total of 142 managers (64 women, 78 men) from 46 German companies took part in our study.

[Comparison of psychodiagnostic methods for dementia and deterioration].

Several cognitive impairment/dementia diagnostic methods were examined concerning their results: (a) in the differentiation of accidental and pathological ability changes; (b) in the demonstration/exclusion of cognitive impairment; and (c) the degree of dementia. Sixty-five patients suffering from brain damage were examined with five accepted methods of diagnosing dementia (Syndrom-kurztest, KAI-MWT-Methode, Demenz-Test, Mini-Mental-Status-Test, Wurzer-Methode) and a comprehensive performance test battery as an external criterion for valid determination of the degree of dementia and definite differentiation of accidental and pathological performance changes. The five methods of diagnosing dementia differ appreciably in determining the degree of severity (r = 0.

[Value of the brief neuropsychological tests for detection of acquired cognitive deficits. Exemplified by the Lehrl and Fischer c.I. (cerebral insufficiency) test].

The aim of the study was to find whether the c.I. test is useful for the exclusion and the demonstration of acquired cognitive deficits.

[The course of restitution of learning and concentrating ability in chronic alcoholics in the 1st year of abstinence].

Aim of our investigation was the analysis of the performances of chronic alcoholics under abstinence. 3 groups of 30 alcoholics were investigated after 3 weeks, 3 months and one year and compared with a group of control (n = 30). The most essential results: Strong increase in the first 3 month, after only slow increase.

[Emotional status and results of a psychological performance test].

Relationships between cognitive and emotional factors were proved in numerous investigations. The aim of our study was to examine the quantitative influence of the emotional state on the results in psychological performance tests. We tested 38 healthy subjects and 38 neurotic subjects with two mood scales and five performance tests.

[Psychological test differentiation of neurotic and organically induced performance disorders].

Current methods of diagnosing psychological performance, which are primarily status-oriented, are inadequate to permit satisfactory differentiation between brain-organically and neurotically induced performance disturbances. We therefore attempted to contribute to the solution of this problem by adopting a new psychodiagnostic approach (measurement of intraindividual variability) and using multi-point measurements with the aid of attentiveness tests. The fact that 80 to 90% of 254 neurotic and brain-damaged subjects could be correctly diagnosed in the way indicates that the new approach to performance diagnosis is suitable for clinical use.

[Empirical studies of the long-term stability of test norms].

Investigation of the long-term stability of psychological efficiency standards using a frequently applied intelligence test (Hawie -verbalpart). The test value distribution of two representative random tests of adults (from the beginning of 1950 in the FRG and from 1980 to 1983 in the GDR) was investigated and a comparison made together. Significant efficiency differences between the two random tests indicate defective long-term stability of test standards and the necessity to restandardize after 20 to 30 years.

[Remarks on the value of psychological efficiency diagnostics for the diagnosis and therapy of alcoholism--response to Szewczyk on our "Chronic alcoholism and psychological efficiency"].

For a clarification of different viewpoints with respect to the importance of efficiency-diagnostic studies in chronic alcoholism, First the question is studied whether there is a common basis of judgement with Szewczyk. On the basis of examples it is shown that there is no agreement with regard to essential facts and contrary conclusions are drawn. The necessity of efficiency-psychological studies of the amnestic psychosyndrome as a constituting components of alcoholic changes of the personality is, for example, derived from diagnostic and therapeutical questions concerning the degree of severity and the pattern of the course of the disease.

[Chronic alcoholism and psychological abilities].

On the basis of the experience gained in clinical psychiatry, the works of the last ten years on experimental-psychological efficiency diagnostics with respect to chronic alcoholics are compiled and arranged according to the more important efficiency-psychological scopes. The comparisons that have been made in the quoted, non-selected studies between alcoholics and control groups corroborate that chronic alcoholism leads to a multidimensional damage structure which is test-psychologically provable. In conclusion, factors that may lead to different reductions in efficiency and hypotheses about the connection between chronic alcoholism and efficiency are discussed.

[Application of the multiple vocabulary test to assessing mental disorders].

The multiple vocabulary test has been used to investigate approaches to objectifying general mental deterioration. Compared to methods used to determine the actual level of intelligence, the premorbid levels of intelligence which were determined with the use of the multiple vocabulary test were roughly the same for patients with brain injuries that cannot be detected by means of specialized instruments. In the case of patients where brain injuries were detectable through the use of instruments, the premorbid level of intelligence was significantly higher than the actual intelligence level.

[Application of the multiple vocabulary test to determining premorbid intelligence levels].

The authors present three basic approaches to solving the problem of determining the premorbid level of intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The indirect way of measuring the premorbid level of intelligence was chosen because of the empirical nature of this approach and the possibility of establishing a firm basis for this. Using a number of samples, it has been possible to show that the multiple vocabulary test satisfies all requirements that must be made of a method of measuring the premorbid level of intelligence.

[To the question of borderline case between psychology and psychopathology in higher age (author's transl)].

Proceeding from the general problems of geropsychiatric lines of research, a number of developments of psychitc functions (intelligence, memory, speed of psychic-cognitive and psychomotor processes, cerebral fatigue, concentration power, higher perception functions) are discussed in dependence on the age. The paper explains that the process of ageing has different effects on the various psychic subfunctions. This fact is of great significance for rehabilitative measures for old-age people.

[Clinical-pathological findings in a case of obstructive myocardiopathy].

Extensive description of familial obstructive myocardiopathy by means of clinical observations and autopsy findings from a 26 year old made suffering from sudden unexpected death. Striking was the rare fact, that clinical and morphological findings were precisely corresponding and independently lead to the correct diagnosis. By means of Ecg, Pcg, carotid-sphygmogram and radiological findings, pathogenesis, pathophysiology as well as the morphological basis of this disease is illustrated.