Analgesic exposure in pregnant rats affects fetal germ cell development with inter-generational reproductive consequences.

Analgesics which affect prostaglandin (PG) pathways are used by most pregnant women. As germ cells (GC) undergo developmental and epigenetic changes in fetal life and are PG targets, we investigated if exposure of pregnant rats to analgesics (indomethacin or acetaminophen) affected GC development and reproductive function in resulting offspring (F1) or in the F2 generation. Exposure to either analgesic reduced F1 fetal GC number in both sexes and altered the tempo of fetal GC development sex-dependently, with delayed meiotic entry in oogonia but accelerated GC differentiation in males.

Free fasciocutaneous flaps in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia: a retrospective study.

The efficacy of free fasciocutaneous flaps for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia was evaluated in a retrospective study. A series of 14 patients is reported who underwent soft-tissue reconstruction using different free fasciocutaneous flaps after radical debridement. Radical debridement and microvascular reconstruction were performed in two operative steps.

Computer aided designed neo-clavicle out of osteotomized free fibula: case report.

Total clavicle reconstruction is a challenging task. We performed a reconstruction of the ventral shoulder girdle by calculating a 3D DICOM representation of the left clavicle to create a right neo-clavicle. Two cuts in correct position and angle leads to a natural 3D shape of the new clavicle.

Assessing gene significance from cDNA microarray expression data via mixed models.

The determination of a list of differentially expressed genes is a basic objective in many cDNA microarray experiments. We present a statistical approach that allows direct control over the percentage of false positives in such a list and, under certain reasonable assumptions, improves on existing methods with respect to the percentage of false negatives. The method accommodates a wide variety of experimental designs and can simultaneously assess significant differences between multiple types of biological samples.

Nucleotide sequence and mutational analysis of the vnfENX region of Azotobacter vinelandii.

The nucleotide sequence (3,600 bp) of a second copy of nifENX-like genes in Azotobacter vinelandii has been determined. These genes are located immediately downstream from vnfA and have been designated vnfENX. The vnfENX genes appear to be organized as a single transcriptional unit that is preceded by a potential RpoN-dependent promoter.

The gene encoding dinitrogenase reductase 2 is required for expression of the second alternative nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii.

Under diazotrophic conditions in the absence of molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V), Azotobacter vinelandii reduces N2 to NH4+ by using nitrogenase 3 (encoded by anfHDGK). However, dinitrogenase reductase 2 (encoded by vnfH) is also expressed under these conditions even though this protein is a component of the V-containing alternative nitrogenase. Mutant strains that lack dinitrogenase reductase 2 (VnfH-) grow slower than the wild-type strain in N-free, Mo-, and V-deficient medium.

Nucleotide sequence and mutational analysis of the structural genes (anfHDGK) for the second alternative nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii.

The nucleotide sequence of a region of the Azotobacter vinelandii genome exhibiting sequence similarity to nifH has been determined. The order of open reading frames within this 6.1-kilobase-pair region was found to be anfH (alternative nitrogen fixation, nifH-like gene), anfD (nifD-like gene), anfG (potentially encoding a protein similar to the product of vnfG from Azotobacter chroococcum), anfK (nifK-like gene), followed by two additional open reading frames.