Feasibility of real-time compression frequency and compression depth assessment in CPR using a "machine-learning" artificial intelligence tool.

Background: Video assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (V-CPR) has demonstrated to be efficient in improving CPR quality and patient outcomes, as Emergency Medical Service (EMS) dispatchers can use the video stream of a caller for diagnostic purposes and give instructions in a CPR scenario. However, the new challenges faced by EMS dispatchers during video-guided CPR (V-CPR)-such as analyzing the video stream, providing feedback to the caller, and managing stress-demand innovative solutions. This study explores the feasibility of incorporating an open-source "machine-learning" tool (artificial intelligence - AI), to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy in correctly detecting the actual compression frequency and compression depth in video footage of a simulated CPR.

Alternative techniques for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in extreme environments - A scoping review.

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for saving lives during cardiac arrest, but performing CPR in extreme environments poses unique challenges. In scenarios ranging from hypogravity or microgravity to confined spaces like aeroplanes and underwater scenarios, traditional CPR techniques may be inadequate. This scoping review aims to identify alternative chest compression techniques, synthesise current knowledge, and pinpoint research gaps in resuscitation for cardiac arrest in extreme conditions.

Intraoperative Assessment of Noninvasive Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Indices in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objective: Evaluation of noninvasive left ventricular (LV) myocardial work (MW) enables insights into cardiac contractility and efficacy beyond conventional echocardiography. However, there is limited intraoperative data on patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility and the intraoperative course of this technique of ventricular function assessment in these patients and compare it to conventional two (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic measurements and strain analysis.

Evaluation of Intraoperative Right Ventricular Myocardial Work Indices in Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: A Case Report.

Right ventricular myocardial work is an echocardiographic technique yielding significant insights into cardiac mechanics, energetics, and efficiency. Combining right ventricular myocardial strain with loading conditions correlates with invasively measured myocardial work and myocardial oxygen consumption. This method has not yet been described intraoperatively by transesophageal echocardiography.

Do laypersons need App-linked real-time feedback devices for effective resuscitation? - Results of a prospective, randomised simulation trial.

Background: App-linked real-time feedback-devices for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) aim to improve laypersons' resuscitation quality. Resuscitation guidelines recommend these technologies in training settings. This is the first study comparing resuscitation quality of all App-linked feedback-devices currently on market.

Electricity consumption of anesthesia workstations and potential emission savings by avoiding standby.

Background: Anesthesiology has a relevant carbon footprint, mainly due to volatile anesthetics (scope 1 emissions). Additionally, energy used in the operating theater (scope 2 emissions) contributes to anesthesia-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Objectives: Optimizing the electricity use of medical devices might reduce both GHG emissions and costs might hold potential to reduce anaesthesia-related GHG-emissions and costs.

The Value of Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis and Therapy of Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Bloodstream infection (BSI), a frequent cause of severe sepsis, is a life-threatening complication in critically ill patients and still associated with a high mortality rate. Rapid pathogen identification from blood is crucial for an early diagnosis and the treatment of patients with suspected BSI. For this purpose, novel diagnostic tools on the base of genetic analysis have emerged for clinical application.

Evaluation of Intraoperative Left-Ventricular Diastolic Function by Myocardial Strain in On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

Objectives: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function strongly predicts outcomes after cardiac surgery, but there is no consensus about appropriate intraoperative assessment. Recently, intraoperative diastolic strain-based measurements assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) have shown a strong correlation with LV relaxation, compliance, and filling, but there are no reports about evaluation through the entire perioperative period. Therefore, the authors describe the intraoperative course of this novel assessment technique in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, and compare it with conventional echocardiographic measures and common grading algorithms of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD).

Spinal Deformity, Surgery at the Cervicothoracic Junction, and American Society of Anesthesiologists Class Increase the Risk of Post-surgical Intensive Care Unit Treatment after Dorsal Spine Surgery: A Single-Center Multivariate Analysis of 962 Patients.

Study Design: This was a retrospective multivariate analysis of preoperative risk factors leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in patients undergoing elective or acute dorsal spine surgery.

Purpose: Numerous studies have predicted a substantial increase in spine surgeries within the next decades, potentially overwhelming hospitals' resources, including ICU occupancy. Accurate estimates of whether patients need postsurgical ICU treatment are pivotal for both resource allocation and patient safety.

Evaluation of a modified paediatric early warning score for children with congenital heart disease.

Background: Paediatric early warning score systems are used for early detection of clinical deterioration of patients in paediatric wards. Several paediatric early warning scores have been developed, but most of them are not suitable for children with cyanotic CHD who are adapted to lower arterial oxygen saturation.

Aim: The present study compared the original paediatric early warning system of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland with a modification for children with cyanotic CHD.

The efficacy of apneic oxygenation during intubation using a prototype of an oxygenation laryngoscope - a technical simulation.

Background: Recently, a non-commercial oxygenation laryngoscope was able to maintain apneic oxygenation during simulated intubation efforts. Since that prototype was 3 mm wider than a standard Macintosh laryngoscope blade, the intubation performance of this device may differ from standard blades. A new prototype of an oxygenation laryngoscope was developed, consisting of a standard-size Macintosh blade and a fixed oxygen supply line to the side.

Intraoperative Augmented Rotation and Circumferential Strain Compensate for Reduction of Left Ventricular Longitudinal Function After On-Pump CABG Surgery.

Objectives: Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal function is reduced after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), while global LV function often is preserved. There are only limited data on the underlying compensatory mechanism. Therefore, the authors aimed to describe intraoperative changes of LV contractile pattern by myocardial strain analysis.

KIDS SAVE LIVES: Basic Life Support Education for Schoolchildren: A Narrative Review and Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.

Background: Basic life support education for schoolchildren has become a key initiative to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. Our objective was to review the existing literature on teaching schoolchildren basic life support to identify the best practices to provide basic life support training in schoolchildren.

Methods: After topics and subgroups were defined, a comprehensive literature search was conducted.

KIDS SAVE LIVES: Basic Life Support Education for Schoolchildren: A Narrative Review and Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.

Background: Basic life support education for schoolchildren has become a key initiative to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. Our objective was to review the existing literature on teaching schoolchildren basic life support to identify the best practices to provide basic life support training in schoolchildren.

Methods: After topics and subgroups were defined, a comprehensive literature search was conducted.

Next-Generation Sequencing in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Suspected Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Rapid pathogen identification and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial in critically ill COVID-19 patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and potential therapeutic benefit of additional next-generation sequencing (NGS) of microbial DNA from plasma in these patients.

Methods: This monocentric descriptive retrospective study reviewed clinical data and pathogen diagnostics in COVID-19 ICU patients.

Identification of the Optimal Position of a Nasal Oxygen Cannula for Apneic Oxygenation: A Technical Simulation.

Background: In a cannot-ventilate-cannot-intubate situation, careful preoxygenation with high FiO2 allowing subsequent apneic oxygenation can be life-saving. The best position for an oxygen supply line within the human airway at which oxygen insufflation is more effective than standard preoxygenation with a face mask is unknown. Methods: In this experimental study, we compared the effectiveness of preoxygenation by placing an oxygen cannula at the nose entrance, through the nose at the soft palatine, or at the base of the tongue; as a control we used ambient air.