The 'Janus A' gene encodes a polo-kinase whose loss creates a dorsal/ventral intracellular homeosis in the ciliate, .

Genetic studies on the protist, provide a glimpse into the unexpectedly rich world of intracellular patterning that unfolds within the ciliate cell cortex. Ciliate pattern studies provide a useful counterpoint to animal models of pattern formation in that the unicellular model draws attention away from fields of cells (or nuclei) as the principal players in the metazoan pattern paradigm, focusing instead on fields of ciliated basal bodies serving as sources of positional information. In this study, we identify , a Polo kinase of , that serves as an important factor driving global, circumferential pattern.

Profiles of Met and Unmet Care Needs in the Oldest Old Primary Care Patients with Cognitive Disorders and Dementia: Results of the AgeCoDe and AgeQualiDe Study.

Introduction: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia is increasing as the oldest old population grows, requiring a nuanced understanding of their care needs. Few studies have examined need profiles of oldest old patients with MCI or dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify patients' need profiles.

Ontogeny of the malleus in Mesocricetus auratus (Mammalia, Rodentia): Systematic and functional implications for the muroid middle ear.

The three mammalian auditory ossicles enhance sound transmission from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. The anterior anchoring of the malleus is one of the key characters for functional classification of the auditory ossicles. Previous studies revealed a medial outgrowth of the mallear anterior process, the processus internus praearticularis, which serves as an anchor for the auditory ossicle chain but has been often missed due to its delicate nature.

Dactylfungins and Tetralones: Bioactive Metabolites from a Nematode-Associated .

A chemical investigation of , isolated from cysts of the plant parasitic nematode , affored three dactylfungin derivatives (-) and three tetralone congeners (-). Dactylfungin C (), laburnicolin (), and laburnicolenone () are previously undescribed natural products. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses together with HR-ESI-MS spectrometry and comparison with data reported in the literature.

Age-specific risk factors of depression among the oldest-old - evidence from the multicenter AgeCoDe-AgeQualiDe study.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate age-group-specific incidence rates and risk factors for depressive symptoms in the highest age groups.

Methods: Data were derived from a prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in primary care - the AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe study. In total, 2,436 patients 75 years and older were followed from baseline to ninth follow-up.

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Human Aqueous Humour Microbiome.

The microbiome of the ocular surface has been characterised, but only limited information is available on a possible silent intraocular microbial colonisation in normal eyes. Therefore, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rDNA genes in the aqueous humour. The aqueous humour was sampled from three patients during cataract surgery.

Laburnicolamine: A Rare Penillic Acid Congener from the Nematode Cyst-Associated Fungus Laburnicola nematophila.

A chemical investigation of a methanol extract derived from a solid-state rice culture of the nematode-cyst associated fungus Laburnicola nematophila K01 led to the isolation and characterization of a previously undescribed penillic acid analogue named laburnicolamine (1). The chemical structure was elucidated through comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses in methanol-d and DMSO-d, alongside with HR-ESI-MS spectrometry. The absolute configuration of 1 was concluded through the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and time-dependent density functional theory-ECD (TDDFT-ECD) computations compared to its acquired spectrum.

Laburnicotides A-F: Acyclic -Acetyl Oligopeptides from the Nematode-Cyst-Associated Fungus .

Nematode-associated fungi revealed the potential to produce a broad spectrum of chemical scaffolds. In this study, a mycelial extract of , a fungal strain derived from the cereal cyst nematode , was chemically explored and afforded six unprecedentedly reported acylic -acetyl oligopeptides, laburnicotides A-F (-). Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was established based on comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses together with the acquired HR-ESI-MS spectrometric data.

Recommendations for Uniform Variant Calling of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequence across Bioinformatic Workflows.

Genomic sequencing of clinical samples to identify emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 has been a key public health tool for curbing the spread of the virus. As a result, an unprecedented number of SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which allowed for rapid identification of genetic variants, enabling the timely design and testing of therapies and deployment of new vaccine formulations to combat the new variants. However, despite the technological advances of deep sequencing, the analysis of the raw sequence data generated globally is neither standardized nor consistent, leading to vastly disparate sequences that may impact identification of variants.

Omnipolyphilins A and B: Chlorinated Cyclotetrapeptides and Naphtho-α-pyranones from the Plant Nematode-Derived Fungus .

Chemical exploration for two isolates of the recently described ascomycete species , derived from the eggs of the plant parasitic nematode , afforded the identification of many compounds that belong to various metabolite families: two previously undescribed chlorinated cyclotetrapeptides, omnipolyphilins A () and B (), one new pyranonaphthoquinone, ventiloquinone P (), a 6,6'-binaphto-α-pyranone dimer, talaroderxine D () in addition to nine known metabolites (-) were isolated from this biocontrol candidate. All isolated compounds were characterized by comprehensive 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analyses. The absolute configurations of the cyclotetrapeptides were determined by a combination of advanced Marfey's method, ROE correlation aided by conformational analysis, and TDDFT-ECD calculations, while ECD calculations, Mosher's method, and experimental ECD spectra were used for ventiloquinone P () and talaroderxine D ().

Mobilisation and analyses of publicly available SARS-CoV-2 data for pandemic responses.

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen large-scale pathogen genomic sequencing efforts, becoming part of the toolbox for surveillance and epidemic research. This resulted in an unprecedented level of data sharing to open repositories, which has actively supported the identification of SARS-CoV-2 structure, molecular interactions, mutations and variants, and facilitated vaccine development and drug reuse studies and design. The European COVID-19 Data Platform was launched to support this data sharing, and has resulted in the deposition of several million SARS-CoV-2 raw reads.

Profiles of met and unmet care needs in the oldest-old primary care patients with depression - results of the AgeMooDe study.

Background: Unmet care needs have been associated with an increased risk of depression in old age. Currently, the identification of profiles of met and unmet care needs associated with depressive symptoms is pending. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to identify profiles of care needs and analyze associated factors in oldest-old patients with and without depression.

The effect of depressive symptoms on quality of life and its different facets in the oldest age population: evidence from the AgeQualiDe prospective cohort study.

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the prospective effect of depressive symptoms on overall QoL in the oldest age group, taking into account its different facets.

Methods: Data were derived from the multicenter prospective AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe cohort study, including data from follow-up 7-9 and n = 580 individuals 85 years of age and older. Overall QoL and its facets were assessed using the WHOQOL-OLD instrument.

Family History of Dementia in Old-Age Participants with Subjective Memory Complaints Predicts Own Risk for Dementia in a Longitudinal Multi-Center Cohort Study.

Background: Subjective memory complaints and family history of dementia are possibly intertwined risk factors for the own subsequent dementia risk and Alzheimer's disease. However, their interaction has rarely been studied.

Objective: To study the association between subjective memory complaints and family history of dementia with regard to the own subsequent risk of dementia.

Global and local functions of the Fused kinase ortholog CdaH in intracellular patterning in Tetrahymena.

Ciliates assemble numerous microtubular structures into complex cortical patterns. During ciliate division, the pattern is duplicated by intracellular segmentation that produces a tandem of daughter cells. In Tetrahymena thermophila, the induction and positioning of the division boundary involves two mutually antagonistic factors: posterior CdaA (cyclin E) and anterior CdaI (Hippo kinase).

Bioactive Naphtho-α-Pyranones from Two Endophytic Fungi of the Genus .

In the course of our survey to study the metabolic potential of two species of a new helotialean genus , namely and , their crude extracts were obtained using different cultivation techniques, which led to the isolation and characterization of two new naphtho--pyranone derivatives recognized as a monomer () and its 6,6'-homodimer () together with two known diketopiperazine congeners, outovirin B () and (3,6)-3,6-dibenzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (). The structures of isolated compounds were determined based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of new naphtho--pyranones was determined using a comparison of their experimental ECD spectra with those of related structural analogues.

Meta-analysis of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 metabolic activity on antidepressant response from 13 clinical studies using genotype imputation.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 are important for antidepressant metabolism and polymorphisms of these genes have been determined to predict metabolite levels. Nonetheless, more evidence is needed to understand the impact of genetic variations on antidepressant response. In this study, individual clinical and genetic data from 13 studies of European and East Asian ancestry populations were collected.

Craniogenetic studies in Sus scrofa: With emphasis on the 'orbitosphenoid' problem.

The orbitosphenoid is a skeletal element of the endocranium of extant mammals. However, it has also been described in many of their fossil ancestors. Craniogenetic studies show that it is composed of two types of bone: first, the cartilaginous ala orbitalis and parts of the trabecular plate are transformed by endochondral ossification; second, so-called 'appositional bone' ('Zuwachsknochen') arises directly from the perichondrium of the two optic pilae and spreads in all directions and overlays the remaining cartilage and the endochondral ossifications.

The mutant implicates endosome trafficking in ciliate, cortical pattern formation.

Ciliates, such as evolved complex mechanisms to determine both the location and dimensions of cortical organelles such as the oral apparatus (OA: involved in phagocytosis), cytoproct (Cyp: for eliminating wastes), and contractile vacuole pores (CVPs: involved in water expulsion). Mutations have been recovered in that affect both the localization of such organelles along anterior-posterior and circumferential body axes and their dimensions. Here we describe , a ciliate pattern gene that encodes a conserved Beige-BEACH domain-containing protein a with possible protein kinase A (PKA)-anchoring activity.

Prevention of First-Episode Psychosis in People at Clinical High Risk: A Randomized Controlled, Multicentre Trial Comparing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Clinical Management Plus Low-Dose Aripiprazole or Placebo (PREVENT).

Background: There is limited knowledge of whether cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) should be recommended as the first-line treatment in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHRp).

Hypothesis: To examine whether individual treatment arms are superior to placebo and whether CBT is non-inferior to SGAs in preventing psychosis over 12 months of treatment.

Study Design: PREVENT was a blinded, 3-armed, randomized controlled trial comparing CBT to clinical management plus aripiprazole (CM + ARI) or plus placebo (CM + PLC) at 11 CHRp services.