[Recurrent Pulmonary Hemorrhages with Hemoptysis as a Result of Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) - An Attempt to Explain].

We present the case of an otherwise healthy 19-year-old student who has been affected by vocal cord dysfuntion (VCD) since she is fourteen. 3 years after that diagnosis she has also been coughing blood at an increasing rate (1-3 times per week). We postulate that the haemoptoe is the result of breathing against a closed airway which can lead to excessively high negative intrathoracic pressures.

Causes of failure of pallidal deep brain stimulation in cases with pre-operative diagnosis of isolated dystonia.

Introduction: Pallidal deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) is an effective therapy for isolated dystonia, but 10-20% of patients show improvement below 25-30%. We here investigated causes of insufficient response to GPi-DBS in isolated dystonia in a cross-sectional study.

Methods: Patients with isolated dystonia at time of surgery, and <30% improvement on the Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia-rating-scale (BFMDRS) after ≥6 months of continuous GPi-DBS were videotaped ON and OFF stimulation, and history, preoperative videos, brain MRI, medical records, stimulation settings, stimulation system integrity, lead location, and genetic information were obtained and reviewed by an expert panel.

Diurnal variation of hypothalamic function and chronic subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) improves quality of life in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but is associated with neuropsychiatric side effects and weight gain in some individuals. The pathomechanisms of these phenomena are still unknown. Considering anatomical and functional connections of the STN with the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) system, we prospectively investigated whether chronic STN-DBS alters HP functioning in 11 PD patients.

Combined pallidal and subthalamic nucleus stimulation in sporadic dystonia-parkinsonism.

Multifocal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a new technique that has been introduced recently. A 39-year-old man with dystonia-parkinsonism underwent the simultaneous implantation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS electrodes. While bilateral STN DBS controlled the parkinsonian symptoms well and allowed for a reduction in levodopa, the improvement of dystonia was only temporary.

Parkinson's disease risk score: moving to a premotor diagnosis.

Early pre-motor symptoms (also frequently termed "non-motor" symptoms) in Parkinson's disease (PD), which precede the onset of motor symptoms, are being increasingly recognized by clinicians. Non-motor symptoms in the pre-motor phase of PD include impaired olfaction (hyposmia), sleep disturbances (i.e.

Deep brain stimulation for camptocormia in dystonia and Parkinson's disease.

Camptocormia, or "bent spine syndrome", may occur in various movement disorders such as primary dystonia or idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment in refractory primary dystonia and advanced PD, few data are available on the effect of DBS on camptocormia comparing these two conditions. Seven patients (4 with dystonia, 3 with PD; mean age 60.

Long-term benefit to pallidal deep brain stimulation in a case of dystonia secondary to pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with onset in childhood and rapid progression. There is no causative and insufficient symptomatic drug therapy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal pallidum (GPi) has been reported to improve motor function.

Pallidal stimulation for dystonia.

Objective: High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is a new and promising treatment option for severe dystonia. Yet only few studies have been published to date regarding this treatment. We present the results of DBS of the GPi in 17 patients with severe dystonia of different causes.

Chronic inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become a popular treatment option for patients suffering from severe Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet the long-term outcome of subthalamic DBS is unknown. A total of 27 patients suffering from severe PD underwent bilateral stereotactic implantation of high-frequency stimulators in the STN.