Enterobactin inhibits microbiota-dependent activation of AhR to promote bacterial sepsis in mice.

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but our understanding of the mechanisms underlying survival or susceptibility is limited. Here, as pathogens often subvert host defence mechanisms, we hypothesized that this might influence the outcome of sepsis. We used microbiota analysis, faecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic treatment and caecal metabolite analysis to show that gut-microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites including indoles increased host survival in a mouse model of Serratia marcescens sepsis.

Zymocin-like killer toxin gene clusters in the nuclear genomes of filamentous fungi.

Zymocin-like killer toxins are anticodon nucleases secreted by some budding yeast species, which kill competitor yeasts by cleaving tRNA molecules. They are encoded by virus-like elements (VLEs), cytosolic linear DNA molecules that are also called killer plasmids. To date, toxins of this type have been found only in budding yeast species (Saccharomycotina).

Acute metabolic decompensation after liver transplant in a patient with maple syrup urine disease.

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) caused by a defect in the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Liver transplant is an effective therapy for MSUD, and patients can usually tolerate a regular diet after transplant without symptomatic metabolic decompensation. Most post-transplant patients do not follow a sick-day diet.

Current state of neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices: an Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative collaborative survey.

Purpose: Paediatric patients with heart failure requiring ventricular assist devices are at heightened risk of neurologic injury and psychosocial adjustment challenges, resulting in a need for neurodevelopmental and psychosocial support following device placement. Through a descriptive survey developed in collaboration by the Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network and the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative, the present study aimed to characterise current neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices for paediatric patients with ventricular assist devices.

Method: Members of both learning networks developed a 25-item electronic survey assessing neurodevelopmental and psychosocial care practices specific to paediatric ventricular assist device patients.

Tracking outcomes of activity-based therapy after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study of current practice in Canada.

Purpose: Activity-based therapy (ABT) promotes neuromuscular activation below the injury level in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences and perceptions of Canadian clinicians and clinic administrators regarding assessment practices in community-based ABT programs.

Methods: Twelve participants from six community clinics, in four provinces, completed individual interviews that followed a semi-structured guide informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Collaborative learning in older age and the role of familiarity: evidence from the map task.

As we age, learning new knowledge and skills becomes more difficult due to age-related changes to cognition. Learning collaboratively could counteract these changes, and perhaps more so when working with someone familiar. This study examined whether collaborative learning is affected by age and partner familiarity.

Long-Term Stability of Nicotinamide Cofactors in Common Aqueous Buffers: Implications for Cell-Free Biocatalysis.

The use of nicotinamide cofactors in cell-free biocatalytic systems is necessitated by the high specificity that these enzymes show for their natural redox mediators. Unfortunately, isolation and use of natural cofactors is costly, which suggests that enhancing their stability is key to enabling their use in industrial processes. This study details NAD and NADH stability in three buffer systems (sodium phosphate, HEPES, and Tris) at 19 °C and 25 °C and for up to 43 d.

Material Legacies on Coral Reefs: Rubble Length and Bed Thickness Are Key Drivers of Rubble Bed Recovery.

Disturbances on coral reefs-which are increasing in intensity and frequency-generate material legacies. These are commonly in the form of rubble beds, which depend on rubble stability and/or binding to facilitate coral recruitment and recovery. Yet, our understanding of rubble stability and binding dynamics across environmental gradients is limited.

The Effects of Cues to Ambient Darkness on Women's Willingness to Engage With Physically Strong Men.

Despite the overall desirability of men's upper body strength, women's preference for such features remains bounded to contexts in which the benefits exceed the potential costs. The relative salience of these costs could be augmented within ostensibly threatening environments, which could include one of ambient darkness. This study sought to determine whether women's interest in strong men would become downregulated in the presence of these cues.

Disruption of the Circulating Proteome in Neonates Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Following Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: A Nested Case-Control Study.

This nested case-control study identified broad dysregulation of the circulating proteome in neonates receiving postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after congenital heart disease surgery, including differential responses in those not surviving to hospital discharge. Tissue hypoxia and mitochondrial-associated proteins may represent novel candidate biomarkers for poor extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes.

A review of visual analysis reporting procedures in the functional communication training literature.

Few guidelines exist for conducting and reporting visual analysis procedures and results in single-case research. Previous research examining how authors describe their analytic procedures and results has found that authors use key terms such as level, trend, and variability infrequently. Additionally, in a previous review, the authors rarely agreed with the original study authors on their conclusions.

Clinical utility of brief screening measures during neuropsychological consultation for pediatric onset multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for approximately 2 to 5% of all individuals with MS and is associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment. In recent years, neuropsychological screening questionnaires have been increasingly utilized for pediatric populations in multidisciplinary settings. This study examines the clinical utility of the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ) and Pediatric Perceived Cognitive Functioning (Peds PCF) screening measures for identifying cognitive impairment in persons with POMS during a target neuropsychological evaluation.

Dead foundation species create coral rubble habitat that benefits a resilient pest species.

Critical loss of habitat is the greatest threat to biodiversity, yet some species are inherently plastic to and may even benefit from changes in ecosystem states. The crown-of-thorns sea star (CoTS; Acanthaster spp.) may be one such organism.

Single-center experience of extended brain-death donor heart preservation with the organ care system.

Background: The Organ Care System (OCS) (Transmedics, Andover, MA) reduces cold ischemic time of donor hearts by producing a normothermic beating state during ex vivo perfusion, enabling extended ex situ intervals, which potentially increases donor pool. We aimed to compare outcomes in utilization of OCS and conventional cold storage technique.

Methods: Consecutive heart transplants following brain death at our institution between May 2022 and July 2023 were analyzed.

Evolution of the Genetic Code in the Ascoideales (CUG-Ser2) Yeast Clade: The Ancestral tRNA-Leu(CAG) Gene Is Retained in Most Saccharomycopsis Species but Is Nonessential and Not Used for Translation.

In the yeast genera Saccharomycopsis and Ascoidea, which comprise the taxonomic order Ascoideales, nuclear genes use a nonstandard genetic code in which CUG codons are translated as serine instead of leucine, due to a tRNA-Ser with the unusual anticodon CAG. However, some species in this clade also retain an ancestral tRNA-Leu gene with the same anticodon. One of these species, Ascoidea asiatica, has been shown to have a stochastic proteome in which proteins contain ∼50% Ser and 50% Leu at CUG codon sites, whereas previously examined Saccharomycopsis species translate CUG only as Ser.

Accuracy and Feasibility of a Novel Glucose/Lactate Continuous Multi-Analyte Sensing Platform in Humans.

Background And Aim: Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) have been commercially available since 1999. However, automated insulin delivery systems may benefit from real-time inputs in addition to glucose. Continuous multi-analyte sensing platforms will meet this area of potential growth without increasing the burden of additional devices.

Calibration using R-programming and parallel processing at the HUC12 subbasin scale in the Mid-Atlantic region: Development of national SWAT hydrologic calibration.

The first phase of a national scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model calibration effort at the HUC12 (Hydrologic Unit Code 12) watershed scale was demonstrated over the Mid-Atlantic Region (R02), consisting of 3036 HUC12 subbasins. An R-programming based tool was developed for streamflow calibration including parallel processing for SWAT-CUP (SWAT- Calibration and Uncertainty Programs) to streamline the computational burden of calibration. Successful calibration of streamflow for 415 gages (KGE ≥0.

Spatial analysis of recurrent glioblastoma reveals perivascular niche organization.

Tumor evolution is driven by genetic variation; however, it is the tumor microenvironment (TME) that provides the selective pressure contributing to evolution in cancer. Despite high histopathological heterogeneity within glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive brain tumor, the interactions between the genetically distinct GBM cells and the surrounding TME are not fully understood. To address this, we analyzed matched primary and recurrent GBM archival tumor tissues with imaging-based techniques aimed to simultaneously evaluate tumor tissues for the presence of hypoxic, angiogenic, and inflammatory niches, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, TERT promoter mutational status, and several oncogenic amplifications on the same slide and location.

XRCC1 mediates PARP1- and PAR-dependent recruitment of PARP2 to DNA damage sites.

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases 1 and 2 (PARP1 and PARP2) are crucial sensors of DNA-strand breaks and emerging cancer therapy targets. Once activated by DNA breaks, PARP1 and PARP2 generate poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) chains on themselves and other substrates to promote DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR). PARP1 can be activated by diverse DNA lesions, whereas PARP2 specifically recognizes 5' phosphorylated nicks.

A high dose KRP203 induces cytoplasmic vacuoles associated with altered phosphoinositide segregation and endosome expansion.

In animal cells, vacuoles are absent, but can be induced by diseases and drugs. While phosphoinositides are critical for membrane trafficking, their role in the formation of these vacuoles remains unclear. The immunosuppressive KRP203/Mocravimod, which antagonizes sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, has been identified as having novel multimodal activity against phosphoinositide kinases.

Analysis of clinical isolates reveals copy number variation in key fluconazole resistance genes.

We used whole-genome sequencing to analyze a collection of 35 fluconazole-resistant and 7 susceptible isolates together with coverage analysis and GWAS techniques to identify new mechanisms of fluconazole resistance. Phylogenetic analysis shows that although the collection is diverse, two persistent clinical lineages were identified. We identified copy number variation (CNV) of two genes, and , in resistant isolates.