The Use of Nanosecond Pulsed Fibre Laser Treatment to Improve the Corrosion Resistance of 316L SS Utilised as Surgical Devices.

The nanosecond pulsed fibre laser (NsPFL) treatment is extensively employed to distinguish hospital surgical instruments (micro-surgical forceps, surgical blades, orthopaedic drills, and high-precision laparoscopic tools), which are generally composed of stainless steel. Nevertheless, if the laser parameters are not properly optimised, this process may unintentionally provoke corrosion. Maintaining the structural integrity of these materials is essential for ensuring patient safety and minimising long-term costs.

The social cognitive evolution of myths: Collective narratives of shared pasts as markers for coalitions' communicative and cooperative prowess.

To understand why humans put much effort into celebrating cultural myths, it is crucial to approach this phenomenon as part of humans' broader social cognitive evolution. Specifically, humans' unique capacity to bond with others through shared/collective representations of shared experiences has likely caused individuals to use myths to assess not only coalitions' fitness interdependence, but also their cooperative prowess.

Limitations in Achieving Glycemic Targets From CGM Data and Persistence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Regardless of Insulin Delivery Method.

Objective: We captured continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics from a large online survey of adults with type 1 diabetes to determine how glycemic outcomes varied by insulin delivery form.

Research Design And Methods: Adults with type 1 diabetes from the T1D Exchange Registry/online communities completed the survey and contributed retrospective CGM data for up to 1 year. Self-reported glycemic outcomes and CGM measures were described overall and by insulin delivery method.

Palladium Bisphosphine Monoxide Complexes: Synthesis, Scope, Mechanism, and Catalytic Relevance.

Recent studies in transition metal catalysis employing chelating phosphines have suggested a role for partial ligand oxidation in formation of the catalytically active species, with potentially widespread relevance in a number of catalytic systems. We examine the internal redox reaction of Pd(bisphosphine)X (X = Cl, OAc, ) complexes to reveal previously underexplored aspects of bisphosphine monoxides (BPMOs), including evaluation of ligand structure and development of general reaction conditions to access a collection of structurally diverse BPMO precatalysts based on organopalladium oxidative addition complexes. In particular, a series of Pd(BPMO)(R)(X) (R = aryl, alkyl; X = I, Br) oxidative addition complexes bearing 24 different BPMO ligands were characterized by NMR and X-ray crystallography.

Siglec15/TGF-β bispecific antibody mediates synergistic anti-tumor response against 4T1 triple negative breast cancer in mice.

An ideal tumor-specific immunomodulatory therapy should both preferentially target the tumor, while simultaneously reduce the immunosuppressive environment within the tumor. This guiding principle led us to explore engineering Siglec-15 (S15) targeted bispecific antibody (bsAb) to enhance therapy against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). S15 appears to be exclusively expressed on macrophages and diverse tumor cells, including human and mouse 4T1 TNBC.

Short Peptides as Powerful Arsenal for Smart Fighting Cancer.

Short peptides have been coming around as a strong weapon in the fight against cancer on all fronts-in immuno-, chemo-, and radiotherapy, and also in combinatorial approaches. Moreover, short peptides have relevance in cancer imaging or 3D culture. Thanks to the natural 'smart' nature of short peptides, their unique structural features, as well as recent progress in biotechnological and bioinformatics development, short peptides are playing an enormous role in evolving cutting-edge strategies.

An experimental and computational investigation of the cyclopentene-containing peptide-derived compounds: focus on pseudo-cyclic motifs via intramolecular interactions.

Conformational flexibility is one of the main disadvantages of peptide-based compounds. We focus on their molecular 'chameleonicity' related to forming pseudo-cyclic motifs via modulation of weak intramolecular interactions. It is an appealing strategy for controlling equilibrium between the polar open and the nonpolar closed conformations.

Impact of mAb-FcRn affinity on IgG transcytosis across human well-differentiated airway epithelium.

Effective treatment and immunoprophylaxis of viral respiratory infections with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) require maintaining inhibitory concentrations of mAbs at the airway surface. While engineered mAbs with increased affinity to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) are increasingly employed, little is known how increased affinity of Fc to FcRn influences basal-to-apical transepithelial transport (transcytosis) of mAbs across the airway epithelium. To investigate this, we utilized a model of well-differentiated human airway epithelium (WD-HAE) that exhibited robust FcRn expression, and measured the transepithelial transport of a mAb against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (CR3022) with either wildtype IgG-Fc or Fc modified with YTE or LS mutations known to increase affinity for FcRn.

Tetrazoles: A multi-potent motif in drug design.

The unique physicochemical properties and fascinating bioisosterism of tetrazole scaffolds have received significant attention in medicinal chemistry. We report recent efforts using tetrazoles in drug design strategies in this context. Despite the increasing prevalence of tetrazoles in FDA-approved drugs for various conditions such as cancer, bacterial viral and fungal infections, asthma, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, malaria, and tuberculosis, our understanding of their structure-activity relationships, multifunctional mechanisms, binding modes, and biochemical properties remains limited.

The Immunosuppressive Properties of Cyclo-[-Pro-Pro--HoPhe-Phe-] Tetrapeptide Selected from Stereochemical Variants of Cyclo-[Pro-Pro--HoPhe-Phe-] Peptide.

The anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties, as well as the mechanism of action of cyclo-[Pro-Pro--HoPhe-Phe-] tetrapeptide (denoted as 4B8M), were recently described. The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the immunosuppressive actions of the stereochemical variants of 4B8M by sequential substitution of -amino acids by -amino acids (a series of peptides denoted as P01-P07) using parent 4B8M as a reference compound. In addition, diverse available bioinformatics tools using machine learning and artificial intelligence were tested to find the bio-pharmacokinetic and polypharmacological attributes of analyzed stereomers.

Insights into Knowledge and Attitudes About Autoantibody Screening from People Affected by Type 1 Diabetes: A Brief Report.

Introduction: Screening for islet-specific autoantibodies can identify individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite calls for increased nationwide autoantibody screening efforts, it is unclear how many individuals have participated in screening among people who may benefit from it. Moreover, knowledge and perceptions of autoantibody screening in real-world samples are not well understood.

The emotional burden of type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional study to understand associations between diabetes distress and glucose metrics in adulthood.

Aims: Advancements in type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), have helped people achieve narrower glucose ranges, but associations between CGM and diabetes distress are unclear. Although higher HbA is associated with higher distress, associations with other glucose metrics are unknown. To better understand this relationship, we characterized diabetes distress in a sample of CGM users and compared differences in glucose metrics (measured via CGM) between those with higher versus lower distress.

Engineering a "muco-trapping" ACE2-immunoglobulin hybrid with picomolar affinity as an inhaled, pan-variant immunotherapy for COVID-19.

Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can act as a decoy molecule that neutralizes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by blocking spike (S) proteins on virions from binding ACE2 on host cells. Based on structural insights of ACE2 and S proteins, we designed a "muco-trapping" ACE2-Fc conjugate, termed ACE2-(GS)-Fc, comprised of the extracellular segment of ACE2 (lacking the C-terminal collectrin domain) that is linked to mucin-binding IgG1-Fc via an extended glycine-serine flexible linker. ACE2-(GS)-Fc exhibits substantially greater binding affinity and neutralization potency than conventional full length ACE2-Fc decoys or similar truncated ACE2-Fc decoys without flexible linkers, possessing picomolar binding affinity and strong neutralization potency against pseudovirus and live virus.

Ambiguous Faces of Water-Based Inclusion Compounds: L4(4)8(8) Intercalato-Clathrate Hydrate of Pt(II) Complex.

Clathrate hydrates are among the most intensively studied H-bond inclusion compounds. Despite the broad definition for this class of compounds, their meaning commonly refers to closed polyhedral nanocages that encapsulate small guest molecules. On the other hand, larger solutes enforce another type of encapsulation because of the solute size effect.

Root-Applied Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Specific Effects on Plants: A Review.

With the pronounced increase in nanotechnology, it is likely that biological systems will be exposed to excess nanoparticles (NPs). Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) are among the most abundantly produced nanomaterials in the world. Their widespread use raises fundamental questions related to the accumulation in the environment and further interactions with living organisms, especially plants.

The Influence of Copper and Zinc on Photosynthesis and Phenolic Levels in Basil ( L.), Borage ( L.), Common Nettle ( L.) and Peppermint ( L.).

This work is aimed at relationships which govern zinc and copper uptake by four popular medicinal herbs: basil ( L.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), common nettle ( L.

Severe Hypoglycemia and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Persist in People With Type 1 Diabetes Despite Use of Diabetes Technology: Results From a Cross-sectional Survey.

Objective: To determine how diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, impact glycemic metrics, prevalence of severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs), and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in people with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting within the U.S.

Research Design And Methods: In this retrospective, observational study with cross-sectional elements, participants aged ≥18 years were enrolled from the T1D Exchange Registry/online community.

Inhaled "Muco-Trapping" Monoclonal Antibody Effectively Treats Established Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in infants, the immunocompromised, and the elderly. RSV infects the airway epithelium via the apical membrane and almost exclusively sheds progeny virions back into the airway mucus (AM), making RSV difficult to target by systemically administered therapies. An inhalable "muco-trapping" variant of motavizumab (Mota-MT), a potent neutralizing mAb against RSV F is engineered.

1D and 2D Coordination Polymers of Calcium with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Hirshfeld Surfaces, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.

Four alkaline earth metal complexes of ketoprofen (Hket) and indomethacin (Hind) were synthesized and characterized: [Ca(ket)(HO)] (1), [Mg(ket)(HO)] (2), [Ca(ind)(EtOH)] (3), and [Mg(ind)(EtOH)] (4). All compounds were studied by elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Crystal structures of 1 and 3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique T=100 K.

Cosmological inflation and meta-empirical theory assessment.

I apply Dawid's Meta-Empirical Assessment (MEA) methodology to the theory of cosmological inflation. I argue that applying this methodology does not currently offer a compelling case for ascribing non-empirical confirmation to cosmological inflation. In particular, I argue that despite displaying strong instances of Unexpected Explanatory Coherence (UEA), it is premature to evaluate the theory on the basis of the No Alternatives Argument (NAA).

A Shared Intentionality Account of Uniquely Human Social Bonding.

Many mechanisms of social bonding are common to all primates, but humans seemingly have developed some that are unique to the species. These involve various kinds of interactive experiences-from taking a walk together to having a conversation-whose common feature is the triadic sharing of experience. Current theories of social bonding have no explanation for why humans should have these unique bonding mechanisms.

Photosynthesis governed by nanoparticulate titanium dioxide. The Pisum sativum L. case study.

Wide availability of anthropogenic TiO nanoparticles facilitates their penetration into environment and prompts interactions with plants. They alter plants growth and change their nutritional status. In particular, metabolic processes are affected.

A holistic approach to the spatio-temporal variability investigation of the main river water quality - The importance of tributaries.

The surface water pollution can cause serious ecological disasters. An example is large-scale fish deaths due to excessive salinity, which is global problem. In order to prevent such situations, it is necessary to carry out regular monitoring of both main rivers and their tributaries.