Enhanced expression of peroxisome proliferate-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in advanced prostate cancer.

Background: Recent studies have underlined the role of nuclear receptors in the involvement of prostate cancer signalling pathways.

Patients And Methods: A total of 84 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), 84 low risk prostate cancer (LPC) and 64 advanced disease (APC) cases were sampled on a tissue microarray (TMA) and stained for retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-α, retionoid X receptor (RXR)-α, liver X receptor (LXR)-α, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and proliferate-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)-γ and the (pro)-inflammatory molecules cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemically.

Results: PPAR-γ expression in APC tissues was found to be significantly higher than that in LPC and BPH specimens (p<0.

Sonographic diagnosis of a posttraumatic arteriocavernosal fistula resulting in high-flow priapism.

We present a case of high-flow priapism due to perineal trauma and subsequent arteriocavernosal fistula, which was diagnosed by sonography. Selective arterial embolization led to complete detumescence without compromising the patient's erectile function. Color Doppler sonography is an appropriate diagnostic tool to diagnose arteriocavernosal fistula.

Should we abstain from Gleason score 2-4 in the diagnosis of prostate cancer? Results of a German multicentre study.

Purpose: The present study analysed the loss of prognostic information related to the abandonment of Gleason score (GS) 2-4 by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP-2005).

Methods: Within a 10-year period prior to the modification of GS, 856 patients (mean age 64.2 years) underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).

Macroscopic sessile tumor architecture is a pathologic feature of biologically aggressive upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: Macroscopic sessile tumor architecture was associated with adverse outcomes after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Before inclusion in daily clinical decision-making, the prognostic value of tumor architecture needs to be validated in an independent, external dataset. We tested whether macroscopic tumor architecture improves outcome prediction in an international cohort of patients.

Can vaccination or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy play a role in the adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma?

Recurrence rates of approximately 35-65% after nephrectomy in patients with localized or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma clearly underline the need for adjuvant treatment modalities. Adjuvant treatment with cytokines, hormonal treatment and radiotherapy has not shown survival benefit. The only Phase III trial revealing significant prolongation of progression-free survival was published in 2004.

Novel electromagnetic lithotriptor for upper tract stones with and without a ureteral stent.

Purpose: We compared the treatment efficacy and safety of the novel Lithoskop electromagnetic extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor for upper urinary tract stones with and without prior ureteral stent placement.

Materials And Methods: A total of 665 consecutive patients harboring single renal or ureteral stones underwent shock wave lithotripsy between August 2006 and July 2008. In 75 and 46 patients with renal and ureteral stones, respectively, stents were placed before the first shock wave lithotripsy session.

Does the current World Health Organization classification predict the outcome better in patients with noninvasive bladder cancer of early or regular onset?

Objective: To compare the clinical outcome and prognostic power of the former and current World Health Organization (WHO) grading system in patients with early vs regular onset of noninvasive urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), as little is known of the natural history of early onset UBC and in how far it is reflected by histopathological grading and staging in guiding clinical decisions.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of 69 consecutive patients presenting with initial UBC of early onset (>or=45 years old, EO) and of 100 randomly chosen patients with regular onset (RO) were reviewed. There were no significant differences in gender distribution, risk factors or tumour stage.

A patient with testicular pseudolymphoma - a rare condition mimicking malignancy: a case report.

Three months following a right sided acute epididymitis a 62 year old patient presented with a painless right testicular swelling. Physical examination, scrotal ultrasound and operative exploration suggested malignancy. However, after inguinal orchiectomy a benign pseudolymphoma of the testis was revealed by pathological examination.

Early versus deferred cystectomy for initial high-risk pT1G3 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: do risk factors define feasibility of bladder-sparing approach?

Objectives: We compared long-term outcome in patients with initial pT1G3 bladder cancer (BC) treated with early versus deferred cystectomy (CX) for recurrent pT1G3 or muscle-invasive BC after an initial bladder-sparing approach. The aim of this study was to compare survival rates and to analyse the influence of the recognised risk factors multifocality, tumour size, and carcinoma in situ (CIS) in initial transurethral resection of the bladder.

Methods: Between 1995 and 2005, a total of 105 patients were diagnosed with initial pT1G3 BC featuring>or=2 risk factors.

Photodynamic diagnostics and noninvasive bladder cancer: is it cost-effective in long-term application? A Germany-based cost analysis.

Objectives: Noninvasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) causes an enormous economic burden to public health systems due to its life-long character and frequent recurrences. While white light (WL) cystoscopy is considered to be the gold standard for transurethral resection of the bladder, photodynamic diagnostic (PDD) has been shown to improve final outcome. Escalating healthcare costs warrant increased effectiveness in treating noninvasive UCB.

C-reactive Protein in Patients with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: An Important Biomarker for Tumor-associated Inflammation.

Two consecutive multi-center phase II trials were designed to prove the hypothesis, whether therapeutic modeling of tumor-associated inflammatory processes could result in improved tumor response.Therapy in both trials consisted of low-dose capecitabine 1g/m2 twice daily p.o.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is activated in prostate tumors but not mediated by B-RAF mutations.

Objectives: A dysregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in various malignancies and is often mediated by mutations in several oncogenes (eg, RAF, RAS). B-RAF mutations, predominantly the specific V600E mutation and additional alterations in exons 11 and 15, were frequently detected in malignant melanomas, papillary thyroid tumors, and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). The present study investigated B-RAF mutations, MSI status, and activation of MAPK signaling in prostate tumors.