The year of a leaf: Tracking the fate of leaf litter and its nutrients during aquatic decomposition and consumption.

Temperate streams are subsidized by inputs of leaf litter peaking in fall. Yet, stream communities decompose dead leaves and integrate their energy into the aquatic food web throughout the whole year. Most studies investigating stream decomposition largely overlook long-term trajectories, which must be understood for an appropriate temporal upscaling of ecosystem processes.

Intensive 2-days training on perfused human placenta for microvascular anastomoses.

Background And Purpose: We report on an intensive two-day training program on microanastomoses performed on perfused human placenta models. A specific scoring system was elaborated to evaluate the participants' microsurgical skills and report the participants' results.

Materials And Methods: Trainees who attended the Zurich Microsurgery Courses in 2023 were included in the study.

Correlation between nova volume flow rate and TOF signal intensity ratio: value in unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.

Background And Purposes: Non-invasive optimal vessel analysis quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (NOVA-QMRA) has emerged as a valuable tool to characterize cerebral hemodynamics in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). Our aim was to explore the eventual correlation between volume flow rate (VFR) measured via NOVA-QMRA and signal intensity ratio (SIR) of time-of-flight (TOF) MRA in M1- and P2-segments bilaterally in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.

Materials And Methods: Patients with acute, subacute or chronic unilaterall ICA occlusion receiving NOVA-QMRA between June 2019 and June 2021 were retrospectively included.

Evaluation of utilization and consequences of CRP point-of-care-testing in primary care practices: qualitative interviews with general practitioners from Germany.

Background: The use and advantages of point-of-care tests (POCTs) for C-reactive protein (CRP) in general practice, especially for upper respiratory tract infections (uRTIs), have been studied extensively. However, there is limited knowledge about test indications, prerequisites, and integration of these tests into everyday practice.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the attitudes and experiences of general practitioners (GPs) in Germany regarding the use of semi-quantitative CRP-POCTs.

LLM-AIx: An open source pipeline for Information Extraction from unstructured medical text based on privacy preserving Large Language Models.

In clinical science and practice, text data, such as clinical letters or procedure reports, is stored in an unstructured way. This type of data is not a quantifiable resource for any kind of quantitative investigations and any manual review or structured information retrieval is time-consuming and costly. The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) mark a paradigm shift in natural language processing and offer new possibilities for structured Information Extraction (IE) from medical free text.

The risk of second malignancies following prostate cancer radiotherapy in the era of conformal radiotherapy: a statement of the Prostate Cancer Working Group of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO).

A significant number of prostate cancer patients are long-term survivors after primary definitive therapy, and the occurrence of late side effects, such as second primary cancers, has gained interest. The aim of this editorial is to discuss the most current evidence on second primary cancers based on six retrospective studies published in 2021-2024 using large data repositories not accounting for all possible confounding factors, such as smoking or pre-existing comorbidities. Overall, prostate cancer patients treated with curative radiotherapy have an increased risk (0.

Corrigendum: Building a realistic, scalable memory model with independent engrams using a homeostatic mechanism.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.

Utilization and consequences of CRP point-of-care-testing in primary care practices: a real-world multicentre observational study with 1,740 patient cases in Germany.

Background: Point-of-care tests (POCTs) for C-reactive protein can support clinical decision-making of general practitioners (GPs) but are not widely used in German general practices.

Aim: To investigate the utilization of semi-quantitative CRP-POCTs in routine primary care.

Design & Setting: Prospective observational study in 49 general practices in Germany (Nov/2022 to Apr/2023).

[Changes in the provision and utilization of health care in German primary care practices during the COVID-19 pandemic - A survey of patients in three federal states].

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic general practitioners (GP) practice teams were temporally confronted with major challenges which were accompanied by changes in practice organization and service provision. So far, little has been known about the views of patients who visited the GP practice for other than COVID-related reasons with regard to provision and use of GP services, the adjustments in the practice and the work of the practice team members.

Methods: The patient survey is a sub-study of the mixed-methods study VeCo-Praxis (GP healthcare for patients not suffering from COVID during the Corona pandemic) of the research practice network RESPoNsE (Research Practice Network East), which was conducted in the federal states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Thuringia.

PTaN (x=0.1-0.15): A Phosphorus Tantalum Nitride Featuring Mixed-Valent Tantalum and P/Ta Disorder Visualized by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.

We report on the synthesis, crystal, and electronic structure, as well as the magnetic, and electric properties of the phosphorus-containing tantalum nitride PTaN (x=0.1-0.15).

[Feasibility of a screening instrument for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ASRS-5) in general practice: A qualitative study].

Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the subjective views of general practitioners on the applicability of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5) as a screening tool for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults in general practice.

Method: Eleven general practitioners, who had participated in the validation study of the German version of the ASRS-5, were interviewed. For this purpose, a semi-structured interview guide was designed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

learning and memory centers and the actions of drugs of abuse.

Drug addiction and the circuitry for learning and memory are intimately intertwined. Drugs of abuse create strong, inappropriate, and lasting memories that contribute to many of their destructive properties, such as continued use despite negative consequences and exceptionally high rates of relapse. Studies in are helping us understand how drugs of abuse, especially alcohol, create memories at the level of individual neurons and in the circuits where they function.

Impact of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation on Endothelial Behavior under Magnesium Deficiency.

Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial event in the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Indeed, in endothelial cells, low Mg levels promote the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic phenotype. This paper investigates the mechanisms by which Mg deficiency promotes oxidative stress and affects endothelial behavior in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Those who (enjoy to) hurt: The influence of dark personality traits on animal- and human directed sadistic pleasure.

Background And Objectives: Sadistic pleasure - gratuitous enjoyment from inflicting pain on others - has devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The current knowledge on non-sexual, everyday sadism - a trait that resides within the general population - is scarce. The present study therefore focussed on personality correlates of sadistic pleasure.

Building a realistic, scalable memory model with independent engrams using a homeostatic mechanism.

Memory formation is usually associated with Hebbian learning and synaptic plasticity, which changes the synaptic strengths but omits structural changes. A recent study suggests that structural plasticity can also lead to silent memory engrams, reproducing a conditioned learning paradigm with neuron ensembles. However, this study is limited by its way of synapse formation, enabling the formation of only one memory engram.

Global trends and scenarios for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050.

Based on an extensive model intercomparison, we assessed trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services from historical reconstructions and future scenarios of land-use and climate change. During the 20th century, biodiversity declined globally by 2 to 11%, as estimated by a range of indicators. Provisioning ecosystem services increased several fold, and regulating services decreased moderately.

Slow kinesin-dependent microtubular transport facilitates ribbon synapse assembly in developing cochlear inner hair cells.

Sensory synapses are characterized by electron-dense presynaptic specializations, so-called synaptic ribbons. In cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs), ribbons play an essential role as core active zone (AZ) organizers, where they tether synaptic vesicles, cluster calcium channels and facilitate the temporally-precise release of primed vesicles. While a multitude of studies aimed to elucidate the molecular composition and function of IHC ribbon synapses, the developmental formation of these signalling complexes remains largely elusive to date.

Magnesium and vitamin D in long COVID syndrome; do they help?

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly clear that the disease can have relevant multisystemic and long-term effects, and several studies have attempted to identify key determinants of the disease course. Here we discuss recent evidence suggesting that, in long COVID patients, combined magnesium and vitamin D deficiencies associate with a higher number of clinical manifestations, as compared to patients with normal levels of both nutrients. We highlight the potential synergistic effects of these deficiencies and propose that future studies should explore a causal link with the risk of developing long COVID.

A Social Norms Analysis of Religious Drivers of Child Marriage.

Social norms theory provides a useful analytical structure for understanding religious influences on drivers of child marriage. This framework can be used to examine religious influences on child marriage as part of contextual analysis for social and behavior change interventions.

Scheme for Quantum-Logic Based Transfer of Accuracy in Polarizability Measurement for Trapped Ions Using a Moving Optical Lattice.

Optical atomic clocks based on trapped ions suffer from systematic frequency shifts of the clock transition due to interaction with blackbody radiation from the environment. These shifts can be compensated if the blackbody radiation spectrum and the differential dynamic polarizability is known to a sufficient precision. Here, we present a new measurement scheme, based on quantum logic that allows a direct transfer of precision for polarizability measurements from one species to the other.

[Evaluation of electronic medical records from general practices using the example of the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia: A qualitative feasibility study].

Background: Data collected by general practitioners (GPs) may provide potential for health services research. In this study, we investigated if clinical questions can be answered with GPs' electronic medical records (EMRs) by means of diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Method: Patients diagnosed with CAP, defined as ICD code J18.

CrSiPN-A Chromium(+IV) Nitridosilicate Phosphate with Amphibole-Type Structure.

The first nitridic analog of an amphibole mineral, the quaternary nitridosilicate phosphate CrSiPN was synthesized under high-pressure high-temperature conditions at 1400 °C and 12 GPa from the binary nitrides CrN, SiN and PN, using NHN and NHF as additional nitrogen source and mineralizing agent, respectively. The crystal structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with microfocused synchrotron radiation (C2/m, a=9.6002(19), b=17.