A Possible Phenotype-to-Genotype Association of Novel Single-Nucleotide Variants in the Coding Exons of the Gene to Arterial Aneurysmal and Dissection Diseases.

After reporting the first known clinical case associating compound heterozygous single-nucleotide variants in Exon 2 of to aortic aneurysmal and iliac dissection, we began prospective surveillance in our vascular genetic practice for similar cases. Herein, we present nine (9) subjects from a total cohort of 135 with arterial aneurysms or dissections who revealed single-nucleotide variants in with no other alterations in a panel of 35 genes associated with aneurysmal and dissection disorders. Five out of nine (5/9) single-nucleotide variants were in Exon 1, and four out of nine (4/9) mutations were in Exon 2, both of which are principal coding exons for this gene.

[Development of paranasal sinus surgery in Austria and Switzerland: past, present, and future].

Thanks to our predecessors and technical progress, we can nowadays offer our patients a safe and modern paranasal sinus surgery. This article provides an overview of the historical development of paranasal sinus surgery in Austria and Switzerland and to shed light on the dynamic progress of this discipline in an international context. Paranasal sinus surgery has undergone significant change in recent decades, driven by rapid technological advances that have significantly improved surgical procedures and operative outcomes.

Delivering the News of an Intraoperative Death; Literature Based Guidance from the AATS Wellness Committee.

Objectives: Fortunately, operating room deaths and unexpected deaths are infrequent occurrences. However, when they occur, the surgeon is called upon to deliver this news to family and loved ones. There is a paucity of literature on this topic and little guidance preparing cardiothoracic surgeons for this important but difficult situation.

The epidemiology and clinical presentation of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a US population.

Objective: To define the epidemiology and clinical presentation of seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in a large US health system.

Methods: We completed a retrospective observational study of adult patients in the University of Colorado Health System from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2020, using Health Data Compass (HDC), a data warehouse that combines electronic health information with claims and public health data in Colorado. We screened HDC for patients with either (1) an abnormal aquaporin-4 IgG test or (2) any G36 ICD-10 code.

T cell margination: investigating the detour of T cells following forimtamig treatment in humanized mice.

T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are a promising new class of therapeutics for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. A frequently observed, yet incompletely understood effect of this treatment is the transient reduction of circulating T cell counts, also known as T cell margination (TCM). After administration of the GPRC5D-targeting TCB forimtamig (RG6234), TCM occurred in patients and correlated with cytokine release and soluble B cell maturation antigen decrease.

Systematic Review of the Comparative Studies of Image-guided Thermal Ablation, Stereotactic Radiosurgery, and Sublobar Resection for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The Clinical Practice Standards Committee of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery assembled an expert panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature detailing studies directly comparing treatment options for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A systematic search was performed to identify publications comparing outcomes following image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and sublobar resection-the main treatment options applicable to high-risk patients with stage I NSCLC. There were no publications detailing completed randomized controlled trials comparing these treatment options.

Systematic Review of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)/ Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has emerged as an alternative, non-surgical treatment for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with increased use over time. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) assembled an expert panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature evaluating the results of SABR, which is also referred to as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), prior to developing treatment recommendations for high-risk patients with stage I NSCLC based on expert consensus. Publications detailing the findings of 16 prospective studies of SABR and 14 retrospective studies of SABR for the management of early-stage lung cancer in 54 697 patients were identified by systematic review of the literature with further review by members of our expert panel.

Systematic Review of Sublobar Resection for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Sublobar resection offers a parenchymal-sparing surgical alternative to lobectomy and includes wedge resection and segmentectomy. Sublobar resection has been historically utilized in high-risk patients with compromised lung function; however, the technique is becoming more prevalent for normal-risk patients with peripheral lung tumors < 2 cm. In this article, we summarize the technique of sublobar resection, the importance of surgical margins and lymph node sampling, patient selection, perioperative complications, outcomes, and the impact of sublobar resection on the quality of life.

Patient-Reported Outcomes for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Secondary Analysis of the COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active monitoring (AM) for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been considered as a potential alternative to guideline-concordant care (GCC; inclusive of surgery with or without radiation). Reported data comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between GCC and AM for DCIS are lacking.

Objective: To compare PROs at baseline and over time in patients with low-risk DCIS randomized to receive either AM or GCC.

Active Monitoring With or Without Endocrine Therapy for Low-Risk Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: The COMET Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been proposed as an alternative to guideline-concordant care, but the safety of this approach is unknown.

Objective: To compare rates of invasive cancer in patients with low-risk DCIS receiving active monitoring vs guideline-concordant care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, randomized noninferiority trial enrolling 995 women aged 40 years or older with a new diagnosis of hormone receptor-positive grade 1 or grade 2 DCIS without invasive cancer at 100 US Alliance Cancer Cooperative Group clinical trial sites from 2017 to 2023.

Treatment Selection for the High-risk Patient with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Sublobar Resection, Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy or Image-guided Thermal Ablation?

Objective: A significant proportion of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are considered at high risk for complications or mortality after lobectomy. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) previously published an expert consensus document detailing important considerations in determining who is at high risk. The current objective was to evaluate treatment options and important factors to consider during treatment selection for these high-risk patients.

Systematic Review of Image-guided Thermal Ablation for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) applied to pulmonary pathology is an alternative to surgery in high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its application to lung neoplasm was first introduced in 2001 and has been implemented to treat metastatic disease to the lung or in select medically inoperable patients with peripheral stage I NSCLC. IGTA may also be an alternative to treat stage I NSCLC in non-operable patients with interstitial lung disease in whom a radiation modality is deemed too high risk.

The Importance of Pulmonary Nodule Features in the Selection of Treatment for the High-risk Patient with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) previously published important considerations in determining who is at high risk for complications or mortality after lobectomy. Sublobar resection, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, or image-guided thermal ablation is typically considered when the risks associated with lobectomy are high. The current objective was to evaluate important lung-nodule-related factors to consider during treatment selection for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Comparison of different treatment options in submacular haemorrhage.

Background/aims: Submacular haemorrhages (SMH) cause significant visual impairment. Until now, the comparative effectiveness of different treatment approaches remains inconclusive without clear treatment guidelines. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5 surgical treatment modalities in terms of visual prognosis and success rate.

Humoral and cellular responses to a fifth bivalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: a prospective cohort study.

Background: As most people now have established hybrid immunity, the need for regular, updated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosters in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is unclear. The study aim was to assess humoral and cellular immunogenicity of a fifth bivalent vaccine dose in patients with IMID on tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).

Methods: In the longitudinal, observational Nor-vaC study, we assessed anti-spike and neutralising antibodies against Wuhan, Omicron BA.

Mass cytometry reveals cellular correlates of immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the elderly.

Heterogeneity in vaccine response, particularly in vulnerable populations like the elderly, represents a significant public health challenge. We conducted an in-depth examination of immune cell profiles before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination utilizing mass cytometry in a cohort of healthy Norwegian seniors (65-80 years). We have demonstrated that higher pre-vaccination frequencies of CD27IgD class-switched memory B cells and subsets of CD27CD24CD38 transitional B cells were associated with a robust vaccine response.

Correction of non-traumatic extensor tendon dislocation and ulnar drift at the metacarpophalangeal joint by the modified Dell technique.

Background: Chronic ulnar extensor tendon dislocation at the metacarpophalangeal joint causes permanent extension deficit and ulnar drift. Several soft tissue procedures have been described for realignment of the extensor tendon in post-traumatic reducible instability or in combination with joint replacement in case of altered metacarpophalangeal joint in inflammatory conditions. However, no studies reported correction of both extension lag and ulnar deviation following isolated surgical treatment of ulnar extensor tendon dislocation at the metacarpophalangeal joint.

Paradoxical Improvement in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Outcomes Following Delayed Treatment Initiation.

Background/objectives: Time to treatment initiation (TTI) has been identified as a predictor of survival in many cancers, but its impact on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is unknown. This study investigates factors influencing TTI in MPM and its association with overall survival.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to obtain data for MPM patients in the United States.

Assessing the spatial scale of synchrony in forest tree population dynamics.

Populations of forest trees exhibit large temporal fluctuations, but little is known about the synchrony of these fluctuations across space, including their sign, magnitude, causes and characteristic scales. These have important implications for metapopulation persistence and theoretical community ecology. Using data from permanent forest plots spanning local, regional and global spatial scales, we measured spatial synchrony in tree population growth rates over sub-decadal and decadal timescales and explored the relationship of synchrony to geographical distance.

Autodetachment of Diatomic Carbon Anions from Long-Lived High-Rotation Quartet States.

We show that strong molecular rotation drastically modifies the autodetachment of C_{2}^{-} ions in the lowest quartet electronic state a^{4}Σ_{u}^{+}. In the strong-rotation regime, levels of this state only decay by a process termed "rotationally assisted" autodetachment, whose theoretical description is worked out based on the nonlocal resonance model. For autodetachment linked with the exchange of six rotational quanta, the results reproduce a prominent, hitherto unexplained electron emission signal with a mean decay time near 3 ms, observed on stored C_{2}^{-} ions from a hot ion source.