Adjusting for Glycemic Control in Assessing the Relationship Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose Studies regarding the relationship between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) conflict: while some support that AMD is protective against DR, others find the opposite. The mechanism by which AMD may protect against DR is unclear. We sought to assess the association between AMD and DR when controlling for glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type II.

The Analysis of ECE1 and PPARG Variants in the Development of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women.

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial systemic skeletal disease that is characterized by a low bone mineral density (BMD) and the microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility. The search for new genes that may play an important role in the regulation of bone mass and the development of osteoporosis is ongoing. Recently, it was found that altering the activity of the endothelin-1-converting enzyme encoded by the gene may affect bone mineral density (BMD).

Osteoprotegerin Gene as a Biomarker in the Development of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women.

Osteoporosis is a multifactorial and polygenic disease caused by an imbalance between osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, leading to a decrease in bone mineral density and the occurrence of disorders in the microarchitecture and metabolism of bone tissue. In postmenopausal women, there is a significant decrease in the production of estrogens, which play a key role in maintaining proper bone mineral density. Estrogens have an inhibitory effect on the development and activity of osteoclasts by reducing the synthesis of pro-resorption cytokines and stimulating the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Corrected QT interval in electrocardiogram recordings in patients treated with calcium channel blockers.

Introduction: One of the most popular tests of the heart is the electrocardiogram (ECG). The physical basis of this study has been known for over 200 years. However, the way an ECG is performed and the interpretation of the obtained results have undergone considerable evolution over time.

A case of facultative ophthalmomyiasis externa due to Calliphoridae and review of the literature.

Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral facultative ophthalmomyiasis externa due to Calliphoridae in a 30-year-old male assault victim at a suburban hospital in New York and review the relevant literature.

Observations: An adult male was found to have maggot infestation of both eyes and severe secondary injury to the left cornea and ocular surface. He was treated with manual larvae removal, oral ivermectin, broad spectrum IV antibiotics, and topical antibiotics.

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Time to Presentation and Diagnosis.

Objective: To evaluate the presentation patterns of patients diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) from 2011 to 2020.

Design: Retrospective cohort study SUBJECTS: The present study was conducted in 484 patients presenting within 30 days of symptom onset with accurate documentation of time of symptom onset, time of presentation to the health care system, and time of presentation to an ophthalmologist.

Methods: An independent chart review of patients with CRAO was conducted.

The influence of ESR1 polymorphisms on selected hormonal, metabolic and mineral balance markers in women with hyperandrogenism.

Hyperandrogenism is the most common endocrine disorder in women, characterized by an imbalance in normal estrogen and androgen levels in the blood. Androgens influence bone mineral density, body mass composition, muscle mass, mental state, and the regulation of sexual function..

Combined Effects of Methyldopa and Baicalein or Roots Extract on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Expression of Inflammatory and Vascular Disease-Related Factors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Pregnant Rats.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of baicalein or root extract interaction with methyldopa in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at the pharmacodynamic, molecular, and biochemical levels. The rats, after confirming pregnancy, received baicalein (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.

Expression of ABCA1 Transporter and LXRA/LXRB Receptors in Placenta of Women with Late Onset Preeclampsia.

Background: Appropriate levels of cholesterol are necessary for the mother and developing fetus, but theirexcess may cause preeclampsia. The ABCA1 transporter mediates the secretion of cholesterol and is highly regulated at the transcriptional level via the nuclear liver X receptors (LXRs).

Methods: Sixteen preeclamptic and 39 normotensives healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies were involved in the case-control study.

Association of the rs700518 Polymorphism with Selected Markers of Bone Metabolism in Women with Hyperandrogenism.

Hyperandrogenism is the most common endocrine disorder in women, characterized by an imbalance of normal estrogen and androgen levels in the blood. Androgens play an important role in the female body because they influence bone mineral density (BMD), body mass composition, muscle mass, mental state, and the regulation of sexual function. The reduced activity of aromatase, due to mutations in the gene, reduces the estrogen pool in favor of androgens.

Influence of TGFB1 and CTLA4 polymorphisms on calcineurin inhibitors dose and risk of acute rejection in renal transplantation.

Organ transplant is often the treatment of choice as it extends and improves patient life. Immunosuppressive treatment, which prevents acute rejection of the organ, is used in transplant patients to prevent the loss of transplant. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the CTLA4 (+49A>G, rs231775) and the TGF-β1 (-800G>A, rs1800468) polymorphisms on the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine-CsA, tacrolimus-TAC) and the risk of acute rejection in renal transplant patients.

The Analysis of NADPH Quinone Reductase 1 (NQO1) Polymorphism in Polish Patients with Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in Poland. Based on the findings of clinical trials, it is safe to conclude that genetic predisposition and environmental factors are the main factors responsible for the formation of colorectal cancer.The NQO1 gene plays an important role in reducing endogenous and exogenous quinones as well as quinone compounds to hydroquinones.

Factors influencing walking trips. Evidence from Gdynia, Poland.

Political support for active mobility is growing for many reasons, including land use planning, health, and improved mobility. As the vital part of many cities is their central area, decision-makers need to know what factors are essential for increasing walkability. This paper aims to identify the main factors affecting the walkability of the city centre of Gdynia (Poland).

The transcriptome of rabbit conjunctiva in dry eye disease: Large-scale changes and similarity to the human dry eye.

The pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED) remains largely unknown, accounting in part for the lack of successful treatments. We explored the pathophysiology of DED using a rabbit model of chronic DED induced with 3 weekly injections of Concanavalin A into the periorbital lacrimal glands. The transcriptome of full-thickness's conjunctival tissue from rabbits with DED and from normal controls was determined using microarrays and, as needed, confirmatory real-time polymerase chain reactions.

The importance of NFκB1 rs4648068 and RUNX2 rs7771980 polymorphisms in bone metabolism of postmenopausal Polish women.

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease that causes a loss of bone density. However, genetic factors play an increasingly important role in its development. To thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms, polymorphic variants of genes candidate for osteoporosis are still being sought.

Combined Effects of Methyldopa and Flavonoids on the Expression of Selected Factors Related to Inflammatory Processes and Vascular Diseases in Human Placenta Cells-An In Vitro Study.

The aim of the study was to investigate combined effects of flavonoids (apigenin, baicalein, chrysin, quercetin, and scutellarin) and methyldopa on the expression of selected proinflammatory and vascular factors in vitro for prediction of their action in pregnancy-induced hypertension. The research was conducted on a trophoblast-derived human choriocarcinoma cell line and a primary human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. Cytotoxicity of compounds in selected concentrations (20, 40, and 100 µmol) was measured using the MTT test and the concentration of 40 µmol was selected for further analysis.

FokI vitamin D receptor polymorphism as a protective factor in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Objectives: Intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder. Its etiology is not fully understood. Increasing evidence indicates the important role of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in this disorder.

Polymorphism analysis of the Gly972Arg IRS-1 and Gly1057Asp IRS-2 genes in obese pregnant women.

Genes encoding insulin receptor substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2 perform key functions in the insulin pathway. Numerous authors have suggested that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) changes in the DNA sequence may be associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The Gly972Arg polymorphism of the IRS-1 gene and the Gly1057Asp polymorphism of the IRS-2 gene are believed to be associated with the occurrence of insulin resistance and obesity according to many sources.

"Formulating a New Healthcare System with Old Ideals: America's Next Step".

The American healthcare system is in chaos. It is in shambles because of what American's value and how they have changed over time. American values have changed with their healthcare system.

Expression profiling of genes modulated by rosmarinic acid (RA) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Objectives: Cancer is the second most common cause of death, with breast cancer (BC) as the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm among females. The origin of BC is multifactorial and depends on environmental and genetic factors. The disease presents a significant challenge due to its drug resistance and frequent metastasis.

The role of focal infections in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and chronic urticaria.

Introduction: The Focal Infection Theory, originally presented at the beginning of the 20(th) century, postulates that systemic diseases can be caused by microorganisms that arise from the focus of infection. Foci of infections have been described as sinuses, adenoids, tonsils, teeth, genitourinary tract, gall bladder and kidneys. A focus of infection is defined as the area that can occur in any part of the body, contains a pathogen (microorganism) and is usually asymptomatic.

Suspicion of pulmonary embolism during treatment of pemphigoid gestationis.

Pemphigoid gestationis (PG), first described in 1872 by Laws Milton, is a rare autoimmune bullous disease of pregnancy and puerperium. Pemphigoid gestationis has been estimated to occur in 1: 50 000 pregnancies and usually presents in the second or third trimester with exacerbation after partum. This disease is caused by circulating IgG1 immunoglobulin against hemidesmosomal protein bullous pemphigoid BP180 (BPAG2) type XVII collagen and less frequently BP230.