In Vivo Effectiveness of in Degradation of Toxic Metabolites of Filamentous Fungi Such as Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone.

Background/objectives: Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites synthesized by filamentous fungi, have been classified as dangerous substances and proven to be carcinogenic, as well as to have genotoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties. Despite numerous trials to develop an effective and safe-for-human-health method of detoxification, there is still a high risk associated with the occurrence of these toxins in food and feed. Biological methods of food preservation are an alternative option to conventional chemical and physical methods, characterized by their less negative impact on human health as well as their high efficiency against filamentous fungi and other foodborne pathogens.

Characteristics and in vitro properties of potential probiotic strain Fructobacillus tropaeoli KKP 3032 isolated from orange juice.

Fructobacillus, a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium, belongs to the fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) group. The group's name originates from fructose, the favored carbon source for its members. Fructobacillus spp.

Depiction of the In Vitro and Genomic Basis of Resistance to Hop and High Hydrostatic Pressure of Isolated from Spoiled Beer.

Among the beer-spoiling microorganisms, the dominant ones belong to the genera , , , and . It is assumed that resistance to hop bitters correlates with resistance to other factors and can significantly impact the brewing industry. Beer preservation with high hydrostatic pressure eliminates the spoiling microorganisms while preserving all desired properties of the beer.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Diguanosine Cap Analogs Modified at the C8-Position by Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling: Discovery of 7-Methylguanosine-Based Molecular Rotors.

Chemical modifications of the mRNA cap structure can enhance the stability, translational properties, and half-life of mRNAs, thereby altering the therapeutic properties of synthetic mRNA. However, cap structure modification is challenging because of the instability of the 5'-5'-triphosphate bridge and N7-methylguanosine. The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between boronic acid and halogen compound is a mild, convenient, and potentially applicable approach for modifying biomolecules.

Differentiation Disorders of Spermatids following Treatment with Propyzamide.

Microtubules are cytoskeletal cell elements that also build flagella and cilia. Moreover, these structures participate in spermatogenesis and form a microtubular manchette during spermiogenesis. The present study aims to assess the influence of propyzamide, a microtubule-disrupting agent, on alga spermatids during their differentiation by means of immunofluorescent and electron microscopy methods.

Genomic Analysis and In Vitro Investigation of the Hop Resistance Phenotype of Two Novel Strains, Isolated from Spoiled Beer.

is an important beer-spoiling species, exhibiting high hop tolerance. Here, we present the annotated whole genome sequence of two recently isolated strains, KKP 3565 and KKP 3566. Firstly, to study the genetic basis of the persistence of the two isolates in beer, a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis ensued.

Research on the Electron Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Mandelic Acid and Its Alkali Metal Salts.

This article investigated the structure, and the spectroscopic and antimicrobial properties of mandelic acid and its alkali metal salts. The electron charge distribution and aromaticity in the analyzed molecules were investigated using molecular spectroscopy methods (FT-IR, FT-Raman, H NMR, and C NMR) and theoretical calculations (structure, NBO, HOMO, LUMO, energy descriptors, and theoretical IR and NMR spectra). The B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method was used in the calculations.

The role of a redox-active non-innocent ligand in additive-free C-C Glaser-Hay and Suzuki coupling reactions by an -aminophenol palladium(ii) complex.

A novel mononuclear palladium complex with 2-(3,5-di--butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl amino) benzonitrile as a non-innocent ligand (abbreviated as PdL ) was synthesized, and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, H and C NMR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The crystal structure clearly showed that the metal center was in a square planar environment. The bond lengths obtained from X-ray structure analysis revealed that both ligands are in the -iminobenzosemiquinone radical form.

Biradical -iminobenzosemiquinonato(1-) complexes of nickel(ii): catalytic activity in three-component coupling of aldehydes, amines and alkynes.

The six-coordinated bis--iminosemiquinone complex, NiL , in which L is the -iminosemiquinone 1-electron oxidized form of the tridentate -aminophenol benzoxazole-based ligand HL, was synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of the complex reveals octahedral geometry with a NiNO coordination sphere in which Ni(ii) has been surrounded by two tridentate L ligands. This compound exhibits ( = 1) with both spin and orbital contribution to the magnetic moment and antiferromagnetic coupling between two electrons on two L ligands which results in a triplet spin ground state ( = 1).

Factors Affecting the Stability of Platinum(II) Complexes with 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine Derivatives and Tetrahydrothiophene-1-Oxide or Diphenyl Sulfoxide.

The platinum(II) complexes of general formula [PtCl(dstp)(S-donor)] were dstp 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-]-pyrimidine (dmtp), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine (dbtp), 5-methyl-7-isobutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine (ibmtp) or 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine (dptp), whereas S-tetrahydrothio-phene-1-oxide (TMSO) or diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO) were synthesized in a one-pot reaction. Here, we present experimental data (H, C, N, Pt NMR, IR, X-ray) combined with density functional theory (DFT) computations to support and characterize structure-spectra relationships and determine the geometry of dichloride platinum(II) complexes with selected triazolopyrimidines and sulfoxides. Based on the experimental and theoretical data, factors affecting the stability of platinum(II) complexes have been determined.

Attachment of Chiral Functional Groups to Modify the Activity of New GPx Mimetics.

A series of new chiral benzisoselenazol-3(2)-ones and their corresponding diselenides bearing an -amido function substituted on the nitrogen atom with various aliphatic and aromatic moieties were synthesized. All derivatives representing pairs of enantiomers or diastereoisomers were obtained to thoroughly evaluate the three-dimensional structure-activity correlation. First, bensisoselenazol-3(2)-ones were synthesized by reacting 2-(chloroseleno)benzoyl chloride with an appropriate enantiomerically pure amine.

Novel N7-Arylmethyl Substituted Dinucleotide mRNA 5' cap Analogs: Synthesis and Evaluation as Modulators of Translation.

Dinucleotide analogs of the messenger RNA cap (mGpppN) are useful research tools and have potential applications as translational inhibitors or reagents for modification of in vitro transcribed mRNAs. It has been previously reported that replacing the methyl group at the N7-position with benzyl (Bn) produces a dinucleotide cap with superior properties. Here, we followed up on this finding by synthesizing 17 novel BnGpppG analogs and determining their structure-activity relationship regarding translation and translational inhibition.

Adenylate kinases of thermophiles and : biochemical and kinetic studies.

Adenylate kinases (AK) play a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular energy. The aim of our work was to achieve the overproduction and purification of AKs from two groups of bacteria and to determine, for the first time, the comprehensive biochemical and kinetic properties of adenylate kinase from Gram-negative (AK) and Gram-positive (AK). Therefore we determined and values, and the effects of temperature, pH, metal ions, donors of the phosphate groups and inhibitor ApA for both thermophilic AKs.

Biological Inspirations: Iron Complexes Mimicking the Catechol Dioxygenases.

Within the broad group of Fe non-heme oxidases, our attention was focused on the catechol 1,2- and 2,3-dioxygenases, which catalyze the oxidative cleavage of aromatic rings. A large group of Fe complexes with N/O ligands, ranging from N to NOS, was developed to mimic the activity of these enzymes. The Fe complexes discussed in this work can mimic the intradiol/extradiol catechol dioxygenase reaction mechanism.

Assessing the Interactions of Statins with Human Adenylate Kinase Isoenzyme 1: Fluorescence and Enzyme Kinetic Studies.

Statins are the most effective cholesterol-lowering drugs. They also exert many pleiotropic effects, including anti-cancer and cardio- and neuro-protective. Numerous nano-sized drug delivery systems were developed to enhance the therapeutic potential of statins.

Evaluation of carboxyfluorescein-labeled 7-methylguanine nucleotides as probes for studying cap-binding proteins by fluorescence anisotropy.

Fluorescence anisotropy (FA) is a powerful technique for the discovery of protein inhibitors in a high-throughput manner. In this study, we sought to develop new universal FA-based assays for the evaluation of compounds targeting mRNA 5' cap-binding proteins of therapeutic interest, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and scavenger decapping enzyme. For this purpose, a library of 19 carboxyfluorescein probes based on 7-methylguanine nucleotides was evaluated as FA probes for these proteins.

Platinum(II) Complexes with Bulky Disubstitute Triazolopyrimidines as Promising Materials for Anticancer Agents.

Herein, we present dicarboxylate platinum(II) complexes of the general formula [Pt(mal)(DMSO)(L)] and [Pt(CBDC)(DMSO)(L)], where L is dbtp 5,7-diutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine) or ibmtp (7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4- triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine), as prospective prodrugs. The platinum(II) complexes were synthesized in a one-pot reaction between -[PtCl(DMSO)], silver malonate or silver cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate and triazolopyrimidines. All platinum(II) compounds were characterized by FT-IR, and H, C, N and Pt NMR; and their square planar geometries with one monodentate N(3)-bonded 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine, one S-bonded molecule of dimethyl sulfoxide and one O,O-chelating malonato (, ) or O,O-chelating cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato (, ) was determined.

A biradical oxo-molybdenum complex containing semiquinone and -aminophenol benzoxazole-based ligands.

We report a new mononuclear molybdenum(iv) complex, MoOLL, in which L (2,4-di--butyl -semibenzoquinone ligand) has been prepared from the reaction of the -iminosemibenzoquinone form of a tridentate non-innocent benzoxazole ligand, L, and MoO(acac). The complex was characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The crystal structure of MoOLL revealed a distorted octahedral geometry around the metal centre, surrounded by one O and two N atoms of L and two O atoms of L.

The Role of Cutinsomes in Plant Cuticle Formation.

The cuticle commonly appears as a continuous lipophilic layer located at the outer epidermal cell walls of land plants. Cutin and waxes are its main components. Two methods for cutin synthesis are considered in plants.

Ancillary ligand electro-activity effects towards phenyl acetylene homocoupling reaction by a nickel(ii) complex of a non-innocent -amino phenol ligand: a mechanistic insight.

A new Ni(ii) complex, was synthesized from the reaction of a non-innocent -aminophenol ligand, and Ni(OAc). The crystal structure of NiL (in which, IS stands for iminosemiquinone radical ligand with cyanide (shown by N in NIS) substituent on phenolate rings) exhibits the square planar environment of Ni(ii). The complex has been crystalized in the monoclinic system and Ni(ii) was surrounded by two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms of two ligands.

Blocking the Bromodomains Function Contributes to Disturbances in Alga Spermatids Differentiation.

Bromodomain containing (BRD) proteins play an essential role in many cellular processes. The aim of this study was to estimate activity of bromodomains during alga spermatids differentiation. The effect of a bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1 (100 µM), on the distribution of individual stages of spermatids and their ultrastructure was studied.

A manganese(iii) Schiff base complex immobilized on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles showing enhanced electrochemical catalytic performance toward sulfide and alkene oxidation.

In this study, a novel Mn(iii)-Schiff base complex was synthesized and characterized. The structure of this complex was determined to be a deformed octahedral coordination sphere by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Mn(iii)-Schiff base complex was supported on silica-coated iron magnetic nanoparticles axial coordination by one-step complex anchoring to produce a heterogenized nanocatalyst.

Nanoencapsulation of a ruthenium(ii) complex with triazolopyrimidine in liposomes as a tool for improving its anticancer activity against melanoma cell lines.

Two types of ruthenium(ii) complexes containing 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines of the general formulas [RuCl(dmso)(L)] ((1)-(3)) and [RuCl(dmso)(L)] ((4)-(6)), where L represents 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tp for (1)), 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp for (2)), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-trizolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp for (3)), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp for (4)), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp for (5)) and 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dptp for (6)), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques (H, C, and N), and X-ray (for (3), (4), and (5)). All these complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against melanoma cell lines A375 and Hs294T, indicating cis,cis,cis-[RuCl(dbtp)(dmso)] (5) as the most active representative, in addition to being non-toxic to normal human fibroblasts (NHDF) and not inducing hemolysis of human erythrocytes. In order to develop an intravenous formulation for (5), liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), cholesterol (Chol) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG) were prepared and subsequently characterized.